P: Kua tīmata mātou i ētahi mahi e hiahia ana kia hangaia ētahi wāhanga mai i te maitai kore waikura 304, he mea whakarewa ki a ia anō me te maitai ngawari. Kua pā mai ētahi raruraru ki a mātou mō te pakaru whakarewa i waenga i te maitai kore waikura me te maitai kore waikura tae atu ki te 1.25 inihi te matotoru. I whakahuatia he iti ā mātou taumata ferrite. Ka taea e koe te whakamārama he aha te mea, me pēhea te whakatika?
A: He pātai pai tēnā. Ae, ka taea e mātou te āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki te tikanga o te ferrite iti me pēhea te ārai i tēnā.
Tuatahi, me titiro tātou ki te whakamāramatanga o te maitai kore waikura (SS) me te hononga o te ferrite ki ngā hononga whakarewa. Kei roto i te maitai pango me ngā koranu neke atu i te 50% te rino. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā maitai waro me te koranu kore waikura katoa, me ētahi atu rōpū. Kāore he rino i roto i te konumohe, te parahi, me te titanium, nō reira he tauira pai rawa atu ēnei o ngā koranu kore-ferrous.
Ko ngā wāhanga matua o tēnei koranu ko te maitai waro me te ihirangi rino o te 90% neke atu rānei, me te maitai kore waikura me te ihirangi rino o te 70 ki te 80%. Hei whakarōpūtia hei SS, me tāpirihia he chromium o te 11.5% neke atu rānei. Ko ngā taumata chromium i runga ake i tēnei paepae iti rawa ka whakatairanga i te hanganga o te kiriata chromium oxide ki runga i ngā mata maitai, ā, ka ārai i te hanganga o te waikura pērā i te waikura (waikura rino) me te waikura whakaeke matū rānei.
E toru ngā rōpū matua o te maitai kore waikura: te austenitic, te ferritic me te martensitic. I ahu mai tō rātou ingoa i te hanganga tioata i te pāmahana rūma i hangaia ai rātou. Ko tētahi atu rōpū noa ko te maitai kore waikura takirua, he taurite i waenga i te ferrite me te austenite i roto i te hanganga tioata.
Ko ngā karaehe Austenitic, raupapa 300, kei roto ko te 16% ki te 30% chromium me te 8% ki te 40% nickel, e hanga ana i te hanganga tioata austenitic te nuinga. Ka tāpirihia ngā mea whakau pēnei i te nickel, te waro, te manganese, me te hauota i te wā o te tukanga hanga maitai hei āwhina i te hanga i te ōwehenga austenite-ferrite. Ko ētahi karaehe noa ko te 304, 316 me te 347. He pai te ātete ki te waikura; e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi kai, matū, rongoā me te cryogenic. Ko te whakahaere i te hanganga ferrite ka tino pakari i ngā pāmahana iti.
Ko te Ferritic SS he momo raupapa 400 he aukume katoa, kei roto ko te 11.5% ki te 30% chromium, ā, he hanganga tioata ferritic te nuinga. Hei whakatairanga i te hanganga o te ferrite, ko ngā mea whakau ko te chromium, te silicon, te molybdenum me te niobium i te wā e hangaia ana te maitai. Ko ēnei momo SS he mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā pūnaha hauhautanga motuka me ngā pūnaha hiko, ā, he iti noa ngā tono pāmahana teitei. He maha ngā momo e whakamahia whānuitia ana: 405, 409, 430 me te 446.
Ko ngā momo martensitic, e mōhiotia ana ko te raupapa 400, pērā i te 403, 410, me te 440, he aukume, kei roto ko te 11.5% ki te 18% te chromium, ā, he hanganga tioata martensitic. Ko tēnei huinga te iti rawa o te koura, koia te mea iti rawa te utu ki te hanga. He ātete ki te waikura, he kaha ake, ā, he mea noa te whakamahi i roto i ngā taputapu kai, ngā taputapu niho me ngā taputapu pokanga, ngā taputapu tunu kai, me ētahi momo taputapu.
Ina whakarewahia te maitai kore waikura, ko te momo papa me tōna whakamahinga ka whakatau i te konganuku whakakī tika hei whakamahi. Mena kei te whakamahi koe i te tukanga hau ārai, me aro nui pea koe ki ngā ranunga hau ārai hei ārai i ētahi raruraru whakarewa.
Hei whakapiripiri i te 304 ki a ia anō, me hiahia koe ki tētahi hiko E308/308L. Ko te "L" he tohu mō te waro iti, e āwhina ana ki te ārai i te waikura intergranular. Ko te ihirangi waro o ēnei hiko he iti iho i te 0.03%, ina hipa atu i tēnei uara, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te whakatakotoranga waro ki ngā rohe kōpaka me te hononga chromium ki te hanga i ngā waro chromium, ka whakaiti i te ātete waikura o te maitai. Ka kitea tēnei mēnā ka puta te waikura i roto i te rohe wera (HAZ) o ngā whakarewanga maitai kore waikura. Ko tētahi atu whakaaro mō te maitai kore waikura taumata L ko te iti ake o te kaha kume i ngā pāmahana mahi teitei atu i ngā taumata maitai kore waikura tika.
I te mea he momo maitai kore waikura austenitic te 304, ko te nuinga o te austenite kei roto i te konganuku whakarewa e rite ana. Heoi, ka uru ki roto i te hikohiko he mea whakaū ferrite pēnei i te molybdenum hei whakatairanga i te hanganga ferrite i roto i te konganuku whakarewa. Ko te tikanga, ka whakarārangihia e ngā kaihanga he whānuitanga noa mō te nui o te ferrite mō te konganuku whakarewa. E ai ki te kōrero i mua, he mea whakaū austenitic kaha te waro, ā, nā ēnei take he mea nui kia āraihia tōna tāpiritanga ki te konganuku whakarewa.
I ahu mai ngā tau Ferrite i te tūtohi Scheffler me te tūtohi WRC-1992, e whakamahi ana i ngā tātai ōrite o te nickel me te chromium hei tatau i te uara ina tuhia ki te tūtohi ka puta he tau kua whakaritea. Ko te tau ferrite i waenga i te 0 me te 7 e rite ana ki te ōrau rōrahi o te hanganga tioata ferritic kei roto i te konganuku whakarewa, heoi, i ngā ōrau teitei ake, ka tere ake te piki o te tau ferrite. Kia mahara ko te ferrite i roto i te SS ehara i te rite ki te ferrite maitai waro, engari he wāhanga e kiia nei ko te delta ferrite. Kāore te maitai kore waikura austenitic e pāngia e ngā huringa wāhanga e pā ana ki ngā tukanga pāmahana teitei pēnei i te maimoatanga wera.
He mea hiahia te hanganga o te ferrite nā te mea he ngāwari ake i te austenite, engari me whakahaere. Mā te iti o te ihirangi ferrite ka taea e ngā whakarewa te ātete pai ki te waikura i ētahi whakamahinga, engari he tino ngāwari ki te pakaru wera i te wā e whakarewa ana. Mō ngā tikanga whakamahinga whānui, me noho te maha o ngā ferrite i waenga i te 5 me te 10, engari ko ētahi whakamahinga ka hiahia pea ki ngā uara iti iho, teitei ake rānei. Ka taea te tirotiro ngāwari i ngā ferrite i te wāhi mahi mā te whakamahi i te tohu ferrite.
I te mea i kōrero koe he raruraru ōu ki te pakaru me te iti o te ferrite, me āta tirotiro koe i tō konganuku whakakī, kia tino mohio kei te nui te ferrite e puta mai ana – tata ki te 8 pea te mea e tika ana. Waihoki, ki te whakamahi koe i te whakarewa pewa āwhata-hauora (FCAW), ko te tikanga ka whakamahia e ēnei konganuku whakakī he hau whakangungu o te 100% hauhā waro, he ranunga rānei o te 75% argon me te 25% CO2, ka taea ai e te konganuku whakarewa te mimiti i te waro. Ka taea e koe te huri ki te tukanga whakarewa pewa whakarewa (GMAW) me te whakamahi i te ranunga 98% argon/2% hāora hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā putunga waro.
I te wā e whakarewahia ana te maitai kore waikura ki te maitai waro, me whakamahi te rauemi whakakī E309L. He mea motuhake tēnei whakarewa whakakī mō te whakarewa i ngā maitai rerekē, ā, ka hangaia he nui o te ferrite i muri i te whakarewatanga o te maitai waro i roto i te whakarewa. Nā te mea ka mimiti te maitai waro i ētahi waro, ka tāpirihia ngā whakaū ferrite ki te whakarewa whakakī hei ārai i te āhua o te waro ki te hanga austenite. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i te aukati i te pakaru wera i te wā whakarewa.
Nō reira, ki te hiahia koe ki te whakatika i ngā kapiti wera i roto i ngā whakarewa maitai kore waikura austenitic, tirohia te hanganga o te konganuku whakakī ferrite, ā, whai i ngā tikanga whakarewa pai rawa atu. Kia mau tonu te wera e whakaurua ana ki raro i te 50 kJ/inihi, kia mau tonu te pāmahana waenga-iti ki te iti, ā, kia tino ma ngā hononga whakarewa i mua i te whakarewa. Whakamahia te ine tika hei tirotiro i te nui o te ferrite i runga i te whakarewa, me te arotahi ki te 5-10.
Ko te WELDER, i mua ko Practical Welding Today tōna ingoa, e tohu ana i ngā tāngata tūturu e hanga ana i ngā hua e whakamahia ana e tātou, e mahi tahi ana hoki i ia rā, i ia rā. Neke atu i te 20 tau tēnei maheni e mahi ana ki te hapori whakarewa i Amerika Te Raki.
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