Uhlalutyo lweendlela zamva nje zemarike yentsimbi
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imakethi yentsimbi ifumene utshintsho oluninzi, oluchatshazelwe yimeko yezoqoqosho yehlabathi, uhlengahlengiso lwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye notshintsho ekunikezelweni nasekufunweni. Ngowama-2023, indlela eqhuba ngayo imakethi yentsimbi isatsala ingqalelo enkulu. Oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo lwemakethi yentsimbi yakutshanje.

1. Ubonelelo lwemarike kunye nemfuno
Ngowama-2023, imfuno yentsimbi yehlabathi ibonakalise umkhwa wokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kancinci kancinci. Ngokukodwa, iqhutywa kukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso kunye nemarike yezindlu, imfuno yentsimbi kumazwe amaninzi inyukile. Njengomvelisi wentsimbi omkhulu kunye nomthengi emhlabeni, utshintsho kwimfuno yaseTshayina lunempembelelo enkulu kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoko urhulumente waseTshayina enyusa utyalo-mali lwakhe kwiziseko zophuhliso, imfuno yentsimbi kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ikhula.

Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho nemingeni kwicala lokubonelela. Ngenxa yokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela okusingqongileyo, imveliso yezinye iinkampani zentsimbi iye yathintelwa, nto leyo ebangele ukuba kubekho ukungabikho kwemarike okuncinci. Ukongeza, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza, ingakumbi ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso e-iron ore kunye namalahle okucola, nako kunefuthe elithe ngqo kwixabiso lemveliso yentsimbi.

2. Uhlalutyo lwendlela amaxabiso ahamba ngayo
Ekuqaleni kuka-2023, amaxabiso entsimbi anyuke kakhulu, ikakhulu ngenxa yokubuyela kwemfuno kunye nokubonelela okuncinci. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imakethi yayitshintsha kancinci, amaxabiso aye atshintsha kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngokwedatha yamva nje, amaxabiso ee-hot-rolled coils kunye ne-rebar aye ehla kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, kodwa asephezulu kunexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.

Abahlalutyi babonise ukuba indlela esiya kujongeka ngayo ixabiso lentsimbi kwixesha elizayo iya kuchaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi, kuquka isantya sokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo koqoqosho lwehlabathi, utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo kumazwe amakhulu avelisa intsimbi kunye notshintsho kwimeko yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

3. Impembelelo yoMgaqo-nkqubo
Impembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo yoorhulumente abahlukeneyo kwimarike yentsimbi ayinakutyeshelwa. Phantsi kwesikhokelo seenjongo zikarhulumente waseTshayina ze-"carbon peak" kunye "ne-carbon neutral", imigaqo-nkqubo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kwishishini lentsimbi iya kuqhubeka ichaphazela amandla emveliso kunye nokunikezelwa kwemarike. Ukongeza, amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika nawo akhuthaza ngenkuthalo uphuhliso lwentsimbi eluhlaza, kwaye ukungeniswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo kunokubeka uxinzelelo kwiinkampani zemveli zemveliso yentsimbi.

4. Imbono yexesha elizayo
Ukujonga phambili, imakethi yentsimbi iya kuqhubeka ichaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi. Kwixesha elifutshane, ngokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo koqoqosho lwehlabathi, kulindeleke ukuba imfuno yentsimbi iqhubeke ikhula. Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha elide, ukuqhubeka kwenkqubela phambili kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kuya kuqhuba ishishini lentsimbi ukuba liphuhlise kwicala eliluhlaza nelikrelekrele.

Ngokubanzi, imakethi yentsimbi isazele ngamathuba kunye nemingeni emva kokuhlangabezana nokuguquguquka. Amashishini kufuneka anikele ingqalelo esondeleyo kwindlela ezisebenza ngayo iimarike kwaye ahlengahlengise ngokuguquguquka amaqhinga emveliso kunye neentengiso ukuze akwazi ukumelana nemeko yemarike etshintsha rhoqo.

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Uhlalutyo lweendlela zamva nje zemarike yentsimbi
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imakethi yentsimbi ifumene utshintsho oluninzi, oluchatshazelwe yimeko yezoqoqosho yehlabathi, uhlengahlengiso lwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye notshintsho ekunikezelweni nasekufunweni. Ngowama-2023, indlela eqhuba ngayo imakethi yentsimbi isatsala ingqalelo enkulu. Oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo lwemakethi yentsimbi yakutshanje.

1. Ubonelelo lwemarike kunye nemfuno
Ngowama-2023, imfuno yentsimbi yehlabathi ibonakalise umkhwa wokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kancinci kancinci. Ngokukodwa, iqhutywa kukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso kunye nemarike yezindlu, imfuno yentsimbi kumazwe amaninzi inyukile. Njengomvelisi wentsimbi omkhulu kunye nomthengi emhlabeni, utshintsho kwimfuno yaseTshayina lunempembelelo enkulu kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoko urhulumente waseTshayina enyusa utyalo-mali lwakhe kwiziseko zophuhliso, imfuno yentsimbi kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ikhula.

Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho nemingeni kwicala lokubonelela. Ngenxa yokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela okusingqongileyo, imveliso yezinye iinkampani zentsimbi iye yathintelwa, nto leyo ebangele ukuba kubekho ukungabikho kwemarike okuncinci. Ukongeza, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza, ingakumbi ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso e-iron ore kunye namalahle okucola, nako kunefuthe elithe ngqo kwixabiso lemveliso yentsimbi.

2. Uhlalutyo lwendlela amaxabiso ahamba ngayo
Ekuqaleni kuka-2023, amaxabiso entsimbi anyuke kakhulu, ikakhulu ngenxa yokubuyela kwemfuno kunye nokubonelela okuncinci. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imakethi yayitshintsha kancinci, amaxabiso aye atshintsha kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngokwedatha yamva nje, amaxabiso ee-hot-rolled coils kunye ne-rebar aye ehla kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, kodwa asephezulu kunexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.

Abahlalutyi babonise ukuba indlela esiya kujongeka ngayo ixabiso lentsimbi kwixesha elizayo iya kuchaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi, kuquka isantya sokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo koqoqosho lwehlabathi, utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo kumazwe amakhulu avelisa intsimbi kunye notshintsho kwimeko yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

3. Impembelelo yoMgaqo-nkqubo
Impembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo yoorhulumente abahlukeneyo kwimarike yentsimbi ayinakutyeshelwa. Phantsi kwesikhokelo seenjongo zikarhulumente waseTshayina ze-"carbon peak" kunye "ne-carbon neutral", imigaqo-nkqubo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kwishishini lentsimbi iya kuqhubeka ichaphazela amandla emveliso kunye nokunikezelwa kwemarike. Ukongeza, amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika nawo akhuthaza ngenkuthalo uphuhliso lwentsimbi eluhlaza, kwaye ukungeniswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo kunokubeka uxinzelelo kwiinkampani zemveli zemveliso yentsimbi.

4. Imbono yexesha elizayo
Ukujonga phambili, imakethi yentsimbi iya kuqhubeka ichaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi. Kwixesha elifutshane, ngokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo koqoqosho lwehlabathi, kulindeleke ukuba imfuno yentsimbi iqhubeke ikhula. Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha elide, ukuqhubeka kwenkqubela phambili kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kuya kuqhuba ishishini lentsimbi ukuba liphuhlise kwicala eliluhlaza nelikrelekrele.

Ngokubanzi, imakethi yentsimbi isazele ngamathuba kunye nemingeni emva kokuhlangabezana nokuguquguquka. Amashishini kufuneka anikele ingqalelo esondeleyo kwindlela ezisebenza ngayo iimarike kwaye ahlengahlengise ngokuguquguquka amaqhinga emveliso kunye neentengiso ukuze akwazi ukumelana nemeko yemarike etshintsha rhoqo.