Uhlalutyo lwamva nje lwentengiso yentsimbi
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imarike yensimbi iye yafumana ukuguquguquka okuninzi, okuchatshazelwa yimeko yoqoqosho lwehlabathi, uhlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye notshintsho ekuboneleleni nasekufuneni. Ngo-2023, imeko yemarike yentsimbi isatsala ingqalelo enkulu. Oku kulandelayo kuhlalutyo lwemarike yensimbi yakutshanje.

1. Ubonelelo lwemarike kunye nemfuno
Ngo-2023, imfuno yentsimbi yehlabathi ibonise umkhwa wokuchacha ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngokukodwa, eqhutywa kukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso kunye nemarike yendawo yokuhlala, imfuno yensimbi kumazwe amaninzi iye yanda. Njengoyena mvelisi wentsimbi omkhulu wehlabathi kunye nomthengi, utshintsho lwemfuno yaseTshayina lunempembelelo enkulu kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoko urhulumente waseTshayina enyusa utyalo-mali lwakhe kwiziseko ezingundoqo, imfuno yentsimbi kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokukhula.

Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho imingeni kwicala lokubonelela. Ngenxa yokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela indalo, ukuveliswa kwezinye iinkampani zentsimbi kuye kwathintelwa, okukhokelela ekuboneleleni kweemarike. Ukongezelela, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziphathekayo, ngokukodwa ukuguquguquka kwexabiso le-iron ore kunye namalahle e-coking, nako kunefuthe elithe ngqo kwiindleko zemveliso yensimbi.

2. Uhlalutyo lwentsingiselo yexabiso
Ekuqaleni kuka-2023, amaxabiso entsimbi afumene ukunyuka okunyukayo, ngokukodwa okuqhutywa kukubuyiswa kwemfuno kunye nokubonelela okuqinileyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imarike yayihlengahlengiswa ngokuthe ngcembe, amaxabiso aye aguquguquka kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngokutsho kwedatha yakutshanje, amaxabiso eekhoyili ezishushu kunye ne-rebar ziye zawa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, kodwa ziphezulu kunexesha elifanayo kunyaka odlulileyo.

Abahlalutyi babonise ukuba ikamva lamaxabiso entsimbi liya kuchaphazeleka kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa isantya sokuvuselela uqoqosho lwehlabathi, utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo kumazwe amakhulu avelisa intsimbi kunye notshintsho kwimeko yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

3. Impembelelo yoMgaqo-nkqubo
Impembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo yoorhulumente eyahlukeneyo kwimarike yentsimbi ayinakungahoywa. Ngaphantsi kwesikhokelo sikarhulumente waseTshayina "incopho yekhabhoni" kunye neenjongo "zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni", imigaqo-nkqubo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwentsimbi yoshishino lwentsimbi iya kuqhubeka nokuchaphazela amandla emveliso kunye nokunikezelwa kweemarike. Ukongezelela, amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika nawo akhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukuphuhliswa kwentsimbi eluhlaza, kwaye ukuqaliswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo kunokubeka uxinzelelo kwiinkampani zemveli zentsimbi.

4. Umbono wekamva
Ukujonga phambili, imarike yensimbi iya kuqhubeka ichaphazeleka ngezinto ezininzi. Ngexesha elifutshane, ngokuchacha koqoqosho lwehlabathi, imfuno yentsimbi kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokukhula. Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha elide, ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela indalo kunye nokutsha kwezobuchwepheshe kuya kuqhuba ishishini lensimbi ukuba liphuhlise ngendlela eluhlaza kunye nengqiqo.

Ngokubanzi, imarike yensimbi isagcwele amathuba kunye nemingeni emva kokufumana ukuguquguquka. Amashishini kufuneka anike ingqwalaselo ethe kratya kumandla emarike kwaye ahlengahlengise ngokuguquguqukayo izicwangciso zemveliso kunye nentengiso ukumelana nokuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo kwemarike.

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Uhlalutyo lwamva nje lwentengiso yentsimbi
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imarike yensimbi iye yafumana ukuguquguquka okuninzi, okuchatshazelwa yimeko yoqoqosho lwehlabathi, uhlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye notshintsho ekuboneleleni nasekufuneni. Ngo-2023, imeko yemarike yentsimbi isatsala ingqalelo enkulu. Oku kulandelayo kuhlalutyo lwemarike yensimbi yakutshanje.

1. Ubonelelo lwemarike kunye nemfuno
Ngo-2023, imfuno yentsimbi yehlabathi ibonise umkhwa wokuchacha ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngokukodwa, eqhutywa kukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso kunye nemarike yendawo yokuhlala, imfuno yensimbi kumazwe amaninzi iye yanda. Njengoyena mvelisi wentsimbi omkhulu wehlabathi kunye nomthengi, utshintsho lwemfuno yaseTshayina lunempembelelo enkulu kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoko urhulumente waseTshayina enyusa utyalo-mali lwakhe kwiziseko ezingundoqo, imfuno yentsimbi kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokukhula.

Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho imingeni kwicala lokubonelela. Ngenxa yokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela indalo, ukuveliswa kwezinye iinkampani zentsimbi kuye kwathintelwa, okukhokelela ekuboneleleni kweemarike. Ukongezelela, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziphathekayo, ngokukodwa ukuguquguquka kwexabiso le-iron ore kunye namalahle e-coking, nako kunefuthe elithe ngqo kwiindleko zemveliso yensimbi.

2. Uhlalutyo lwentsingiselo yexabiso
Ekuqaleni kuka-2023, amaxabiso entsimbi afumene ukunyuka okunyukayo, ngokukodwa okuqhutywa kukubuyiswa kwemfuno kunye nokubonelela okuqinileyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imarike yayihlengahlengiswa ngokuthe ngcembe, amaxabiso aye aguquguquka kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngokutsho kwedatha yakutshanje, amaxabiso eekhoyili ezishushu kunye ne-rebar ziye zawa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, kodwa ziphezulu kunexesha elifanayo kunyaka odlulileyo.

Abahlalutyi babonise ukuba ikamva lamaxabiso entsimbi liya kuchaphazeleka kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa isantya sokuvuselela uqoqosho lwehlabathi, utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo kumazwe amakhulu avelisa intsimbi kunye notshintsho kwimeko yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

3. Impembelelo yoMgaqo-nkqubo
Impembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo yoorhulumente eyahlukeneyo kwimarike yentsimbi ayinakungahoywa. Ngaphantsi kwesikhokelo sikarhulumente waseTshayina "incopho yekhabhoni" kunye neenjongo "zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni", imigaqo-nkqubo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwentsimbi yoshishino lwentsimbi iya kuqhubeka nokuchaphazela amandla emveliso kunye nokunikezelwa kweemarike. Ukongezelela, amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika nawo akhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukuphuhliswa kwentsimbi eluhlaza, kwaye ukuqaliswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo kunokubeka uxinzelelo kwiinkampani zemveli zentsimbi.

4. Umbono wekamva
Ukujonga phambili, imarike yensimbi iya kuqhubeka ichaphazeleka ngezinto ezininzi. Ngexesha elifutshane, ngokuchacha koqoqosho lwehlabathi, imfuno yentsimbi kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokukhula. Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha elide, ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela indalo kunye nokutsha kwezobuchwepheshe kuya kuqhuba ishishini lensimbi ukuba liphuhlise ngendlela eluhlaza kunye nengqiqo.

Ngokubanzi, imarike yensimbi isagcwele amathuba kunye nemingeni emva kokufumana ukuguquguquka. Amashishini kufuneka anike ingqwalaselo ethe kratya kumandla emarike kwaye ahlengahlengise ngokuguquguqukayo izicwangciso zemveliso kunye nentengiso ukumelana nokuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo kwemarike.