Vanyori vakaongorora magadzirirwo emagetsi matsva nguva nenguva, umo vagadziri vezvirimwa vanowanzo sarudza 304 kana 316 simbi isina tsvina yecondenser uye yekubatsira kupisa exchanger tubing.Kune vazhinji, izwi rekuti Stainless simbi inokonzeresa aura yekuora kusingakundiki, asi chokwadi, simbi isina tsvina inogona dzimwe nguva kuve iyo isingagone kunyura, uye yakaderedzwa sarudzo yenzvimbo. Kuwanikwa kwemvura yakachena yekugadzira mvura yekutonhodza, pamwe chete neshongwe dzinotonhodza dzinoshanda panguva dzakakwirira, nzira dzinogona kutadza simbi dzisina tsvina dzinokwidziridzwa. Mune mamwe maapplication, 300 series simbi isina tsvina inongogara kwemwedzi, dzimwe nguva mavhiki chete, isati yatadza. simba rezvinhu, zvivakwa zvekupisa kupisa, uye kuramba kune masimba emagetsi, kusanganisira kuneta uye kukoromoka kwevhu.
Kuwedzera 12% kana kupfuura chromium kune simbi kunokonzera kuti alloy iite inoenderera oxide layer inodzivirira base metal underneath.Hence izwi rokuti Stainless steel.Mukushayikwa kweimwe alloying zvinhu (kunyanya nickel), carbon steel chikamu cheboka referrite, uye unit cell yayo ine body-centered cubic (BCC) chimiro.
Kana nickel yawedzerwa kumusanganiswa wealloy pachikamu che8% kana kupfuura, sero rinozove riri muface-centered cubic (FCC) chimiro chinodaidzwa kuti austenite, kunyangwe pane ambient tembiricha.
Sezvinoratidzwa muTebhurari 1, mazana matatu akatevedzana masimbi asina tsvina uye mamwe masimbi asina tsvina ane nickel content inoburitsa austenitic chimiro.
Austenitic simbi dzakaratidza kuti dzinokosha zvikuru mukushandiswa kwakawanda, kusanganisira sechinhu chepamusoro tembiricha superheater uye reheater machubhu mumagetsi boilers.The 300 akatevedzana kunyanya rinowanzoshandiswa sechinhu yakaderera tembiricha kupisa exchanger chubhu, kusanganisira chiutsi pamusoro condensers.Zvisinei, zviri muzvikumbiro izvi kuti vakawanda vanofuratira zvinogona kukundikana nzira.
Chinonyanya kuoma nesimbi isina tsvina, kunyanya iyo yakakurumbira 304 uye 316 zvinhu, ndeyokuti inodzivirira oxide layer inowanzoparadzwa nekusvibiswa mumvura inotonhorera uye nemitswe uye madhipoziti anobatsira kuisa pfungwa pakusvibiswa.Kuwedzera, pasi pemamiriro ekuvhara, mvura yakamira inogona kutungamirira kukukura kwe microbial, iyo metabolic byproducts inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya kune simbi.
Kusachena kwakajairika kwemvura inotonhorera, uye imwe yezvakanyanya kuoma kubvisa mune zvehupfumi, ndeye chloride.Ioni iyi inogona kukonzera matambudziko mazhinji mumajenareta emhepo, asi mumakondomu uye mubatsiri wekupisa kupisa, dambudziko guru nderokuti chlorides muhuwandu hwakakwana inogona kupinda uye kuparadza iyo inodzivirira oxide layer pasimbi isina tsvina, inokonzera localized corrosion.
Pitting ndeimwe yenzira dzakaipisisa dzekuora nekuti zvinogona kukonzera kupinda kwemadziro uye kusashanda kwemidziyo nekurasikirwa nesimbi shoma.
Chloride concentrations haifanire kunge yakakwira zvakanyanya kuti ikonzere kuparara kwegomba mu304 uye 316 simbi isina tsvina, uye kune nzvimbo dzakachena dzisina chero madhipoziti kana mitswe, iyo yakakurudzirwa yakanyanya kukwirisa chloride yave kuonekwa se:
Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinogona kuburitsa nyore chloride concentrations inodarika iyi nhungamiro, zvese uye munzvimbo dzemuno. Zvave zvisingaite kutanga kufunga kamwe-kuburikidza nekutonhodza kwemagetsi matsva emagetsi.Mazhinji anovakwa neanotonhodza shongwe, kana mune dzimwe nguva, air-yakatonhodzwa condensers (ACC) .Kune avo vane shongwe dzekutonhodza, kuwanda kwetsvina, gadzira mbiru mukoramu yemvura. chloride concentration ye50 mg/l inoshanda ne50 concentration cycles, and the chloride content of the circulating water is 250 mg/l.Izvi zvoga zvinofanira kugaro bvisa 304 SS.Pamwe pacho, mumiti mitsva uye iripo, pane kuwedzera kuri kuda kutsiva mvura yakachena kuti chirimwa recharge.A common alternative is municipality wastewater.Table the four waste water supply.
Chenjerera kuwedzera kwemazinga ekloridi (uye mamwe matsvina, akadai senitrogen uye phosphorus, iyo inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwemicrobial mumasisitimu ekutonhora) .Nekuda kwemvura yese yegrey, chero kutenderera mushongwe yekutonhora kunodarika muganhu wechloride unokurudzirwa ne316 SS.
Nhaurirano yapfuura yakavakirwa pakugona kwecorrosion yenzvimbo dzesimbi dzakafanana.Kutsemuka uye marara zvinoshandura nyaya inoshamisa, sezvo zvese zvinopa nzvimbo dzekuti tsvina inogona kuisa pfungwa.Inzvimbo yakajairika yemechani makatsemuka mumacondensers uye zvakafanana zvinopisa zvinopisa zviri pachubhu-to-chubhu mapeji majunctions.Sediment mukati mechubhu inogona kugadzira makatsemuka pamatope, uye sediment nzvimbo pachayo inogona kuita sediment. kusvibiswa.Uyezve, nokuti simbi isina tsvina inotsamira pane inoenderera oxide layer yekudzivirira, madhipoziti anogona kuumba okisijeni-varombo nzvimbo dzinoshandura yakasara simbi pamusoro kuva anode.
Hurukuro iri pamusoro inoburitsa nyaya dzisingatariswe nevagadziri vezvekudyara pavanenge vachitsanangudza condenser uye yekubatsira kupisa chubhu zvekushandisa zvezvirongwa zvitsva. Mafungiro maererano ne304 ne316 SS dzimwe nguva achiri kuita sekuti "ndizvo zvatagara tichiita" tisingatarise mhedzisiro yezviito zvakadaro. Zvimwe zvekushandisa zviripo kuti zvigadzirise miti yakaoma inotonhora inotarisana nemamiriro emvura inotonhodza.
Tisati takurukura mamwe masimbi, imwe pfungwa inofanira kutaurwa muchidimbu.Muzviitiko zvakawanda, 316 SS kana kunyange 304 SS yakaita zvakanaka panguva yekushanda kwemazuva ose, asi yakakundikana panguva yekudzima kwemagetsi.Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kukundikana kunokonzerwa nekushayikwa kwemvura ye condenser kana heat exchanger inokonzera mvura inomira mumachubhu.Iyi nharaunda inopa mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekukura kwe microorganisms cornisiones inogadzira zvakananga microorganisms cornissive corns cornision. tubular simbi.
Iyi nzira, inozivikanwa se microbially induced corrosion (MIC), inozivikanwa kuparadza pombi dzesimbi isina tsvina uye mamwe masimbi mukati memavhiki.Kana kupisa kwekushisa kusingagoni kuderedzwa, kutarisisa kwakakomba kunofanira kupiwa nguva nenguva kutenderera kwemvura kuburikidza nekupisa kupisa uye kuwedzera biocide panguva yekuita. 4-6, 2019 muChampaign, IL Yakapihwa ku39th Electric Utility Chemistry Symposium.)
Kunzvimbo dzakaomarara dzakaratidzwa pamusoro apa, pamwe nenzvimbo dzakaomarara dzakaita semvura ine brackish kana mvura yegungwa, mamwe masimbi anogona kushandiswa kubvisa tsvina.Mapoka matatu alloy aratidza kubudirira, kutengeserana yakachena titanium, 6% molybdenum austenitic Stainless simbi uye superferritic Stainless simbi.Aya alloy anopikisa titanium, anopikisa titanium. yayo hexagonal close-packed crystal structure uye yakanyanya kuderera elastic modulus inoita kuti ive nyore kune mechanical damage.Iyi alloy inonyatsokodzera zvigadziriso zvitsva zvine yakasimba tube support structures.An excellent alternative is the super ferritic stainless steel Sea-Cure®.Kuumbwa kwechinhu ichi kunoratidzwa pasi apa.
Simbi ine chromium yakakwirira asi yakaderera mu nickel, saka isimbi isina tsvina yeferritic pane austenitic stainless steel.Nekuda kwekuderera kwayo nickel content, inodhura zvishoma kudarika mamwe alloys.Sea-Cure's high simba uye elastic modulus inobvumira masvingo matete kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu, zvichiita kuti kuwedzere kupisa kutengesa.
Izvo zvakakwidziridzwa zvimiro zvesimbi idzi zvinoratidzwa pane "Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number" chati, iyo, sekutaura kwazvinoita, inzira yekuyedza inoshandiswa kuona kuramba kwesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana kugomba ngura.
Imwe yemibvunzo inowanzo zivikanwa ndeye "Ndeipi iyo yakanyanya chloride yemukati iyo imwe giredhi resimbi isina tsvina inogona kushivirira?" Mhinduro dzinosiyana-siyana.Zvinhu zvinosanganisira pH, tembiricha, kuvapo uye rudzi rwekuputsika, uye mukana wekushanda kwezvipenyu zvipenyu.Chishandiso chakawedzerwa paaxis yakarurama yeMufananidzo 5 kuti ubatsire nechisarudzo ichi.Inobva pane neutral pH, 35 ° C mvura inoyerera inowanzowanikwa mune dzakawanda BOP uye condensation applications (kudzivisa kuumbwa kwedhipoziti uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari akasarudzwa, kuumbwa kwePREllon kwakasarudzwa kunogona kusarudzwa). wobva wapindirana nekanzura kakakodzera.Chiyero chikuru chechloride chinokurudzirwa chinogona kubva chaonekwa nekudhirowa mutsara wakachinjika paaxis yekurudyi.Pazhinji, kana alloy ichizotariswa kushandiswa kwebrackish kana mvura yegungwa, inoda kuve neCCT inopfuura 25 degrees Celsius sekuyerwa neG 48 test.
Zviri pachena kuti super ferritic alloys inomiririrwa neSea-Cure® inowanzokodzera kunyange kushandiswa kwemvura yegungwa.Pane chimwe chikomborero kune izvi zvinhu zvinofanira kusimbiswa.Manganese corrosion matambudziko akaonekwa kwe304 uye 316 SS kwemakore akawanda, kusanganisira pamiti iri pedyo neOhio River. Munguva ichangopfuura, zvinopisa kupisa pamiti yemiti iri pedyo neRwizi rweManganese iManganese uye Missouri yave ichirwisa. tsime rekugadzira mvura.The corrosion mechanism yakaonekwa se manganese dioxide (MnO2) ichiita neoxidizing biocide kuti ibudise hydrochloric acid pasi pedhipoziti.HCl ndiyo inonyanya kurwisa simbi.[WH Dickinson and RW Pick, "Manganese-Dependent Corrosion in the Electric Power Industry"; yakaratidzwa pa2002 NACE Annual Corrosion Conference, Denver, CO.] Ferritic steels haigoni kuonda iyi.
Kusarudza magiredhi epamusoro ezvigadzirwa zvecondenser uye heat exchanger chubhu haisati yave inotsiva yakakodzera kurapwa kwemakemikari chemistry control.Sezvo munyori Buecker akatsanangura mune yapfuura simba engineering chinyorwa, chirongwa chakanyatsogadzirwa uye chinoshandiswa chemakemikari chekurapa chinodiwa kuti kuderedze kugona kwekuyera, ngura, uye kusvibisa.Polymer chemistry iri kubuda seimwe nzira ine simba yekudzora scanaterosion yefosphate yekare tower systems.Kudzora kusvibiswa kwemicrobial kwave uye kucharamba kuri nyaya inokosha.Kunyange zvazvo oxidative chemistry ine chlorine, bleach, kana makemikari akafanana ndiyo nheyo yekona yehutachiona hwehutachiona, kurapa kwekuwedzera kunogona kuvandudza kushanda kwezvirongwa zvekurapa.Mumwe muenzaniso wakadaro ndeyekudzikamisa chemistry, iyo inobatsira kuwedzera kusunungurwa kwehuwandu uye kushanda kweklorini-based based oxidizing introducing yemvura inokuvadza. Kudyisa neasina oxidizing fungicides anogona kubatsira zvakanyanya mukudzora kukura kwehutachiona.Chigumisiro ndechekuti kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuvandudza kusimba uye kuvimbika kwesimba remagetsi kupisa exchangers, asi hurongwa hwega hwega hwakasiyana, saka kunyatsoronga nekubvunzana nenyanzvi dzeindasitiri kwakakosha pakusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye maitiro emakemikari. Zvizhinji zvechinyorwa ichi zvakanyorwa kubva pakuona kwekurapa kwemvura, isu hatibatanidzwe mune izvo zvisarudzo zvinokonzeresa, isu hatibatanidzwe mune izvo zvisarudzo zvinokonzeresa. kumhanya.Sarudzo yekupedzisira pamusoro pekusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvinofanirwa kuitwa nevashandi vezvirimwa zvichienderana nenhamba yezvikonzero zvakatsanangurwa pachikumbiro chega chega.
Pamusoro peMunyori: Brad Buecker ndiye Senior Technical Publicist paChemTreat.Ane makore 36 ane ruzivo mune kana kuti akabatana neindasitiri yemagetsi, yakawanda yacho mumakemikari ekugadzirwa kwemhepo, kurapwa kwemvura, kutonga kwemhepo uye paGuta reMvura, Chiedza & Simba (Springfield, IL) uye Kansas City Power & Light Company iri paLa Cygne Water Station, Kansaswaste akapedza makore maviri emakemikari emvura. plant.Buecker ane BS muChemistry kubva kuIowa State University ane imwe kosi yekuwedzera muFluid Mechanics, Energy and Materials Equilibrium, uye Advanced Inorganic Chemistry.
Dan Janikowski ndiye Technical Manager kuPlymouth Tube. Kwemakore 35, anga achibatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwesimbi, kugadzirwa uye kuyedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zve tubular zvinosanganisira copper alloys, Stainless steel, nickel alloys, titanium uye carbon steel.Ave aine Plymouth Metro kubvira 2005, Janikowski akabata zvigaro zvepamusoro zvakasiyana-siyana asati ava 2010 Technical.