Ua loiloi nā mea kākau i nā kikoʻī hou o ka mana papahana i ka manawa a me ka manawa, kahi e koho pinepine ai nā mea hoʻolālā i ka 304 a i ʻole 316 stainless steel no ka condenser a me ke kōkua wela exchanger tubing. ʻO nā mea hoʻohana, 300 series stainless steel e ola wale nō no nā mahina, i kekahi manawa he pule wale nō, ma mua o ka pau ʻole. Ke nānā nei kēia ʻatikala i nā pilikia e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ke koho ʻana i nā mea condenser tube mai kahi hiʻohiʻona wai. ikaika, me ka luhi a me ka erosion corrosion.
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 12% a ʻoi aku paha ka chromium i ke kila ke kumu e hana ai ka hui i kahi papa ʻokikene mau e pale ai i ka metala kumu ma lalo.
Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka nickel i ka hui ʻana ma kahi ʻano o 8% a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe, e noho ana ke kelepona i loko o kahi ʻano cubic concentred face (FCC) i kapa ʻia ʻo austenite, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano wela.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1, 300 series stainless steel a me nā kila kuhiliʻole ʻē aʻe i loaʻa kahi maʻi nickel e hana i kahi ʻano austenitic.
Austenitic steels ua hōʻoia i ka loa waiwai i loko o nā noi he nui, e like me ka mea no ke kiʻekiʻe wela superheater a me ka reheater paipu i ka mana boilers.The 300 moʻo i kekahi mea pinepine hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka haʻahaʻa wela wela exchanger paipu, me ka mahu surface condensers.
ʻO ka paʻakikī nui me ke kila kila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea 304 a me 316 kaulana, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopau pinepine ʻia ka papa o ka oxide pale e nā haumia i loko o ka wai anuanu a me nā crevices a me nā waihona e kōkua ai i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā mea haumia.
ʻO ka haumia wai hoʻoluʻu maʻamau, a ʻo kekahi o nā mea paʻakikī loa e wehe i ka ʻoihana, ʻo ia ka chloride. Hiki i kēia ion ke hoʻopilikia i nā pilikia he nui i nā mea hana mahu, akā i nā condensers a me nā mea hoʻololi wela kōkua, ʻo ka paʻakikī nui ʻo ia ka chlorides i ka nui o ka nui e hiki ke komo a luku i ka papa oxide pale ma ke kila kila.
ʻO Pitting kekahi o nā ʻano ʻino ʻino loa no ka mea hiki ke hoʻoulu i ke komo ʻana o ka pā a me ka hemahema o nā mea hana me ka liʻiliʻi o ka metala.
ʻAʻole pono ke kiʻekiʻe loa ka nui o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka chloride i mea e hoʻopōʻino ai i ka lua i loko o 304 a me 316 kila kila, a no nā ʻili maʻemaʻe me ka ʻole o nā waihona a i ʻole nā ​​māwae, ua manaʻo ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka chloride ʻoi aku:
Hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hana maʻalahi i ka nui o ka chloride ma mua o kēia mau alakaʻi, ma ka laulā a ma nā wahi kūloko. Hoʻohana ka 50 mg/l me ʻelima mau pōʻaiapili, a ʻo ka chloride maʻiʻo o ka wai kaʻapuni he 250 mg/l. ʻO kēia wale nō ka mea maʻamau e hoʻokuʻu i ka 304 SS. Eia kekahi, i nā mea kanu hou a me nā mea kanu, aia ka pono e hoʻololi i ka wai hou no ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana o nā mea kanu.
E makaʻala i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka chloride (a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe, e like me ka nitrogen a me ka phosphorus, hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka microbial i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomaha).
ʻO ka kūkākūkā mua e pili ana i ka hiki ke ʻino o nā ʻili metala. contamination.Eia kekahi, no ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ke kila kila ma luna o kahi papa oxide mau no ka pale ʻana, hiki i nā waihona ke hana i nā wahi ʻilihune oxygen e hoʻohuli i ka ʻili kila i koe i anode.
Hōʻike ka kūkākūkā ma luna nei i nā pilikia i manaʻo ʻole ʻia e nā mea hoʻolālā mea kanu i ka wā e wehewehe ai i nā mea condenser a me nā mea hoʻololi wela hoʻololi no nā papahana hou.
Ma mua o ke kūkākūkā ʻana i nā metala ʻē aʻe, pono e haʻi pōkole ʻia kekahi ʻōlelo. I nā manawa he nui, ua hana maikaʻi ka 316 SS a i ʻole 304 SS i ka wā o ka hana maʻamau, akā hāʻule i ka wā o ka pau ʻana o ka mana. metala tubular.
ʻO kēia ʻano hana, i kapa ʻia ʻo microbially induced corrosion (MIC), ua ʻike ʻia e luku i nā paipu kila kila a me nā metala ʻē aʻe i loko o nā pule. 2019 ma Champaign, IL Hōʻike ʻia ma ka 39th Electric Utility Chemistry Symposium.)
No nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, a me nā kaiapuni ʻoi loa e like me ka wai brackish a i ʻole ka wai kai, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā metala ʻē aʻe e pale aku i nā impurities.Three hui hui i hōʻoia i ka kūleʻa, kūʻai maʻemaʻe titanium, 6% molybdenum austenitic stainless steel a me superferritic stainless steel.These alloys ua loaʻa MIC titanium kū'ē. ʻO ka hoʻolālā kristal piha piha a me ka modulus elastic haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka mechanical.
ʻO ke kila he kiʻekiʻe i ka chromium akā haʻahaʻa i ka nickel, no laila ʻo ia ka ferritic stainless steel ma mua o ka austenitic stainless steel. Ma muli o kona haʻahaʻa nickel content, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā alloys ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o Sea-Cure a me ka modulus elastic e hiki ai i nā paia lahilahi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hopena i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela.
Hōʻike ʻia nā waiwai i hoʻonui ʻia o kēia mau metala ma ka pakuhi "Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number", ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ka inoa i hōʻike ʻia, he hana hoʻāʻo i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kūʻē ʻana o nā metala like ʻole i ka pitting corrosion.
ʻO kekahi o nā nīnau maʻamau ʻo "He aha ka nui o ka nui o ka chloride maʻiʻo i hiki ke ʻae ʻia e kekahi papa o ke kila kila?" ʻOkoʻa nā pane. ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka pH, ka mahana, ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano o nā haʻihaʻi, a me ka hiki ke noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano mea ola. i hui 'ia me ka slash kūpono. Hiki ke ho'oholo 'ia ke ki'eki'e o ka chloride i mana'o 'ia ma ke kaha 'ana i ka laina 'ākau ma ke ko'i akau. Ma ke 'ano ma'amau, inā e no'ono'o 'ia ka huila no ka ho'ohana pa'akai a wai kai paha, pono e loa'a ka CCT ma luna o 25 degere Celsius e like me ke ana 'ia e ka ho'ā'o G 48.
He mea akaka loa, ua kūpono nā mea hoʻohuihui super ferritic i hōʻike ʻia e Sea-Cure® no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai kai. Aia kekahi pōmaikaʻi ʻē aʻe o kēia mau mea pono e hoʻoikaika ʻia. Ua ʻike ʻia nā pilikia corrosion manganese no 304 a me 316 SS no nā makahiki he nui, me nā mea kanu ma ka muliwai Ohio. ʻōnaehana make-up. Ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano ʻino e like me ka manganese dioxide (MnO2) e pane ana me kahi biocide oxidizing e hoʻohua i ka waika hydrochloric ma lalo o ka waihona. ʻO ka HCl ka mea e hoʻouka maoli ai i nā metala. hōʻike ʻia ma ka 2002 NACE Annual Corrosion Conference, Denver, CO.] Kūʻē nā kila Ferritic i kēia ʻano hana ʻino.
ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā mea papa kiʻekiʻe no ka condenser a me nā paipu hoʻololi wela, ʻaʻole ia he mea pani no ka mālama ʻana i ka kemika mālama wai. ʻO ka oxidative chemistry me ka chlorine, bleach, a i ʻole nā ​​mea like like ka pōhaku kihi o ka microbial control, hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine i ka maikaʻi o nā papahana lapaʻau. ʻO ka hopena he nui nā ala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻomau a me ka hilinaʻi o nā mea hoʻololi wela o ka mea kanu, akā ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia ʻōnaehana, no laila he mea nui ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka kūkākūkā ʻana me nā poʻe loea no ke koho ʻana i nā mea a me nā kaʻina hana kemika. Pono e hana ʻia ka hoʻoholo hope loa e nā limahana mea kanu ma muli o kekahi mau kumu i kuhikuhi ʻia no kēlā me kēia noi.
No ka mea kākau: ʻO Brad Buecker kahi mea hoʻolaha loea ma ChemTreat. Loaʻa iā ia he 36 mau makahiki o ka ʻike i loko a pili pū paha me ka ʻoihana mana, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mea ma ka hana kemika, ka mālama wai, ka mālama ʻana i ka ea a ma City Water, Light & Power (Springfield, IL) a me Kansas City Power & Light Company aia ma La Cygne Station, Kansas. BS in Chemistry mai Iowa State University me ka hana papa hou ma Fluid Mechanics, Energy and Materials Equilibrium, a me Advanced Inorganic Chemistry.
ʻO Dan Janikowski ka Luna Hoʻokele ma Plymouth Tube.No nā makahiki 35, ua komo ʻo ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā metala, ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā huahana tubular e like me nā alloys keleawe, stainless steel, nickel alloys, titanium and carbon steel.