Imiyoboro irashobora kugabanywamo imiyoboro yicyuma nu miyoboro idafite ibyuma. Imiyoboro yicyuma irongera igabanywa mubwoko bwa ferrous na ferrous. Ibyuma bya fer bigizwe ahanini nicyuma, mugihe ibyuma bitagira fer bitaba bigizwe nicyuma. nk'imiringa y'umuringa, ni imiyoboro idafite ferrous. Imiyoboro ya pulasitike, imiyoboro ya beto, imiyoboro itondekanye ya pulasitike, imiyoboro itondekanya ibirahure, imiyoboro itondekanye na beto hamwe n'indi miyoboro idasanzwe ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye yitwa imiyoboro idafite ibyuma. Imiyoboro y'icyuma ni imiyoboro ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’ingufu; imiyoboro ya karubone ikoreshwa cyane.Ibipimo bya ASTM na ASME bigenga imiyoboro itandukanye hamwe nibikoresho bikoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya.
Ibyuma bya karubone nicyuma gikoreshwa cyane munganda, bingana na 90% yumusaruro wibyuma byose. Ukurikije ibirimo karubone, ibyuma bya karubone bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu:
Mu byuma bivanze, ibipimo bitandukanye byibintu bivangwa bikoreshwa kugirango ugere kubintu byifuzwa (byanonosowe) nko gusudira, guhindagurika, gukora imashini, imbaraga, gukomera no kurwanya ruswa, nibindi. Bimwe mubintu bikunda gukoreshwa cyane hamwe ninshingano zabo nibi bikurikira:
Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga nicyuma kivanze gifite chromium igizwe na 10.5% (ntarengwa) .Icyuma kitagira umwanda kigaragaza imbaraga zidasanzwe zo kwangirika bitewe no gushiraho igipande cyoroshye cyane cya Cr2O3 hejuru. Uru rwego ruzwi kandi nka pasiporo. Kongera ubwinshi bwa chromium bizarushaho kunoza ruswa yibintu. urugero rutandukanye rwa karubone, silikoni na manganese.Icyuma kitagira umwanda cyashyizwe mubindi nka:
Usibye amanota yavuzwe haruguru, amanota amwe yateye imbere (cyangwa amanota yihariye) ibyuma bitagira umwanda nabyo bikoreshwa mu nganda ni:
Ibyuma byibikoresho bifite karubone nyinshi (0.5% kugeza 1.5%). Ibirimo byinshi bya karubone bitanga ubukana nimbaraga nyinshi.Icyuma gikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora ibikoresho nibibumbano. Ibyuma byintoki birimo tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum na vanadium kugirango bitezimbere ubushyuhe bwicyuma no kwambara hamwe nigihe kirekire.Ibyo bituma ibyuma bikoreshwa muburyo bwo gukata no gucukura.
Iyi miyoboro ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitunganyirizwa.Ibisobanuro bya ASM na ASME kumiyoboro isa itandukanye, ariko amanota yibikoresho ni amwe.Eg:
Ibikoresho hamwe nibintu biri kuri code ya ASME na ASTM birasa usibye izina.Imbaraga zingutu za ASTM A 106 Gr A ni 330 Mpa, ASTM A 106 Gr B ni 415 Mpa, na ASTM A 106 Gr C ni 485 Mpa. Umuyoboro wibyuma bikoreshwa cyane ni ASTM A 106 Gr B.Hariho ubundi buryo bwa ASTM A 106 Gr Umuyoboro), nacyo kikaba gikoreshwa cyane mubyuma bya karubone kumuyoboro.ASTM Umuyoboro wa 53 uraboneka mubyiciro bibiri:
ASTM A 53 Umuyoboro ugabanijwemo ubwoko butatu - Ubwoko E (ERW - Resistance Welded), Ubwoko F (itanura na butt welded), Ubwoko S (butagira ikidodo) .Mu bwoko bwa E, ASTM A 53 Gr A na ASTM A 53 Gr B irahari.Mu bwoko bwa F, ASTM A 53 Gr A iraboneka, naho mubwoko bwa S, ASTM A 53 Gr A irahari. ASTM A 53 Gr Umuyoboro usa na ASTM A 106 Gr A kuri 330 Mpa.Imbaraga zingana za ASTM A 53 Gr B umuyoboro usa na ASTM A 106 Gr B kuri 415 Mpa.Ibi bikubiyemo imiyoboro yo mucyuma cya karubone ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gutunganya.
Imiyoboro ikoreshwa cyane munganda zitunganya ibyuma byitwa austenitis ibyuma bitagira ibyuma.Icyingenzi cyingenzi kiranga ibyuma bitagira ibyuma bya austenitike ni uko atari magnetiki cyangwa paramagnetic. Ibintu bitatu byingenzi byerekana ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ni:
Hano hari amanota 18 muribi bisobanuro, muri byo 304 L niyo ikoreshwa cyane.Icyiciro kizwi cyane ni 316 L kubera ko irwanya ruswa nyinshi.ASTM A 312 (ASME SA 312) ku miyoboro ya santimetero 8 cyangwa munsi ya diametre.
Ibi bisobanuro bireba imiyoboro minini ya diameter yasuditswe. Gahunda yo kuvoma ivugwa muriki gisobanuro ni Gahunda ya 5S na Gahunda ya 10.
Weldability of Austenitic Stainless Steel - Icyuma cya Austenitike kitagira ibyuma bifite ubwiyongere bukabije bwumuriro kuruta ibyuma bya ferritic cyangwa martensitike bitagira umuyonga.Kubera koeffisente yo hejuru yo kwagura ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro wa austenitike idafite ibyuma, deformasiyo cyangwa urupapuro rwintambara bishobora kubaho mugihe cyo gusudira. ibikoresho byuzuza hamwe nuburyo bwo gusudira. Gusudira arc gusudira (SAW) ntibisabwa mugihe ibyuma bisabwa byuzuye bya austenitike cyangwa ibyuma bya ferrite byo hasi.
Chromium molybdenum tubing ikwiranye numurongo wa serivise yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kuko imbaraga zingana za chrome molybdenum tubing ntigihinduka mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Umuyoboro usanga ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi, guhanahana ubushyuhe, nibindi nkibyo. Umuyoboro ni ASTM A 335 mubyiciro byinshi:
Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu kuzimya umuriro, gutemba, umwanda, imirimo iremereye (ku nshingano ziremereye) - amazi yo mu kuzimu n'ibindi bikorwa.Icyiciro cy'imiyoboro y'icyuma ni:
Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu miyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka muri serivisi zishinzwe kuzimya umuriro. Imiyoboro ya Durr iragoye kubera ko hari silikoni. Iyi miyoboro ikoreshwa muri serivisi ya acide y'ubucuruzi, kuko urwego rugaragaza ko irwanya aside y'ubucuruzi, ndetse no gutunganya amazi asohora imyanda ya aside.
Nirmal Surendran Menon yakiriye Impamyabumenyi y’ubuhanga bw’imashini yakuye muri kaminuza ya Anna, muri Tamil Nadu, mu Buhinde mu 2005 na Master of Science mu micungire y’imishinga yakuye muri kaminuza nkuru ya Singapuru mu mwaka wa 2010. Ubu ari mu bucukuzi bwa peteroli / gazi / peteroli y’inganda.
Ashish afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’ubuhanga kandi afite imyaka isaga 20 afite uruhare runini mu bijyanye n’ubuhanga, ubwishingizi bw’ubuziranenge / kugenzura ubuziranenge, impamyabumenyi y’abatanga / kugenzura, gutanga amasoko, igenamigambi ry’umutungo, gusudira, guhimba, kubaka no gukorana n’amasezerano.
Ibikorwa bya peteroli na gaze akenshi biherereye ahantu hitaruye kure yicyicaro gikuru.Ubu, birashoboka gukurikirana imikorere ya pompe, gutunganya no gusesengura amakuru yimitingito, no gukurikirana abakozi hirya no hino ku isi aho ariho hose.Abakozi bose bari mubiro cyangwa hanze yumujyi, interineti nibindi bisabwa bifasha amakuru menshi kandi akanagenzura kuruta mbere hose.
Iyandikishe kuri OILMAN Uyu munsi, ikinyamakuru cya buri cyumweru gishyikirizwa inbox yawe nibintu byose ukeneye kumenya kubyerekeye amakuru yubucuruzi bwa peteroli na gaze, ibyabaye hamwe namakuru yinganda.