Mapombi anogona kupatsanurwa kuita mapaipi esimbi neasina simbi.Mapombi esimbi anopatsanurwazve kuita ferrous uye asiri ferrous type mapaipi alloy nickel, pamwe chete nepombi dzemhangura, mapaipi asina ferrous.Mapombi epurasitiki, pombi dzekongiri, pombi dzakaiswa mupurasitiki, pombi dzakaiswa magirazi, pombi dzakaiswa kongiri nedzimwe pombi dzinokosha dzinogona kushandiswa pazvinangwa zvakakosha dzinodaidzwa kuti mapaipi asina simbi.Mapombi esimbi anopisa ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yemagetsi; kabhoni simbi mapaipi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya.ASTM uye ASME zviyero zvinotonga zvakasiyana-siyana zvepombi uye pombi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa muindasitiri yekugadzira.
Carbon steel ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa simbi muindasitiri, inoverengera inopfuura 90% yehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwesimbi.Kubva pane kabhoni yemukati, kabhoni simbi inokamurwazve kuita mapoka matatu:
Mune simbi dzakasanganiswa, zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvealloying zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa (zvakavandudzwa) zvivakwa zvakaita seweldability, ductility, machinability, simba, kuomarara uye kuramba kwemarara, etc.Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kushandiswa alloying zvinhu uye mabasa avo ndeaya anotevera:
Simbi isina tsvina isimbi yealloy ine chromium inokwana 10.5% (minimum) Simbi isina tsvina inoratidza kusinga gadzirise ngura nekuda kwekuumbwa kweiyo yakaonda kwazvo Cr2O3 layer pamusoro. Molybdenum inowedzerwa kuti ipe zvinodiwa (kana kuvandudzwa) zvimiro.Simbi isina tsvina inewo huwandu hwakasiyana hwekabhoni, nesilicon uye manganese.Simbi isina tsvina inotsanangurwa zvakare se:
Pamusoro pemagiredhi ari pamusoro apa, mamwe mamakisi epamberi (kana akakosha mamakisi) simbi isina tsvina inoshandiswawo muindasitiri ndeiyi:
Midziyo yemidziyo ine kabhoni yakakura (0.5% kusvika 1.5%).Kabhoni yepamusoro inopa kuoma uye kusimba kwepamusoro.Simbi iyi inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira maturusi uye molds.Maturusi emidziyo ane huwandu hwakasiyana hwetungsten, cobalt, molybdenum uye vanadium kuti ivandudze kupisa kwesimbi nekusapfeka pamwe nekusimba.Izvi zvinoita kuti maturusi ekubooresa ave akanakira kucheka uye simbi yekuchera.
Mapombi aya anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekugadzira.ASTM neASME mazita epombi anotaridzika zvakasiyana, asi magiredhi emhando akafanana.Eg:
The material composition and properties on the ASME and ASTM codes are the same except for the name.Kusimba kwekusimba kweASTM A 106 Gr A i330 Mpa, ASTM A 106 Gr B i415 Mpa, uye ASTM A 106 Gr C ine 485 Mpa. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa carbon steel pombi iASTM6 G0r A 6 G0 Ikoko ASTM6 G0r A 1. A 330 Mpa, ASTM A 53 (Hot Dip Galvanized kana Line Pipe), iriwo giredhi rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mupombi yesimbi yepombi.ASTM A 53 pombi inowanikwa mumagiredhi maviri:
ASTM A 53 Pipe yakakamurwa kuita mhando nhatu – Type E (ERW – Resistance Welded), Type F (furnace and butt welded), Type S (seamless).MuRudzi E, ese ASTM A 53 Gr A neASTM A 53 Gr B anowanikwa.MuRudzi F, ASTM A 53 Gr A chete ndiyo inowanikwa, asi iri muATM G3, ASTM5 neA53 anowanikwawo.Simba rekusimba reASTM A 53 Gr A pombi rakafanana neASTM A 106 Gr A pa 330 Mpa. Simba rekusimba reASTM A 53 Gr B pombi rakafanana neASTM A 106 Gr B pa 415 Mpa. Izvi zvinovhara carbon steel grade pipes dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekugadzira.
Mapaipi estainless simbi anonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yekugadzira anonzi austenitic Stainless steels.Chinhu chakakosha che austenitic Stainless simbi ndechekuti haisi magineti kana paramagnetic.Matatu akakosha mataurirwo eaustenitic Stainless steels ndeaya:
Pane magiredhi 18 mune iyi tsanangudzo, iyo 304 L ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa.Chikamu chakakurumbira i316 L nekuda kwekukwirira kwayo kwekuora.ASTM A 312 (ASME SA 312) yemapombi masendimita masere kana pasi pahupamhi. "L" pamwe chete negiredhi inoratidza kuti ine kabhoni yakaderera, iyo inovandudza pombi yedu.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoshanda kumapaipi akaiswa dhayamita mahombe. Mapaipi akafukidzwa mune iyi rondedzero iSchedule 5S uye Chirongwa 10.
Weldability yeAustenitic Stainless Steels - Austenitic Stainless steels ine kuwedzera kwekushisa kwepamusoro kupfuura ferritic kana martensitic Stainless steels.Nekuda kwekukwirira kwepamusoro kwekuwedzera kwekushisa uye kuderera kwekushisa kwe austenitic Stainless steel, deformation kana warpage inogona kuitika panguva yekubatanidza. kutorwa pakusarudza mafillers uye welding process.Submerged arc welding (SAW) haina kukurudzirwa kana zvizere austenitic stainless steel kana low ferrite content welds zvichidiwa.Tafura (Appendix-1) inotungamirira pakusarudza tambo yakakodzera yekuzadza kana electrode inobva pane zvinyorwa zvepasi (kune austenitic stainless steels).
Chromium molybdenum tubing inokodzera tambo dzetembiricha yepamusoro nekuti simba rekusimba rechrome molybdenum tubing rinoramba risingachinji panguva yekupisa kwakanyanya. Iyo chubhu inowana kushandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi, kupisa kupisa, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Iyo chubhu ndeyeASTM A 335 mumagiredhi akati wandei:
Mapombi esimbi anoshandiswa kudzima moto, dhiraivha, tsvina, basa rinorema (pasi pebasa rinorema) - pombi dzepasi pevhu nemamwe masevhisi.
Ductile iron mapaipi anoshandiswa mupasi pevhu pombi yemoto mabasa.Dürr pombi dzakaoma nekuda kwekuvapo kwesilicon.Mapombi aya anoshandiswa pakushambadzira asidhi sevhisi, sezvo giredhi rinoratidza kuramba kune inotengeswa asidhi, uye yekuchenesa mvura inoburitsa acid tsvina.
Nirmal Surendran Menon akawana Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering kubva kuAnna University, Tamil Nadu, India muna 2005 uye Master of Science muProject Management kubva kuNational University of Singapore muna 2010. Ari muindasitiri yemafuta / gasi / petrochemical. Iye zvino ari kushanda semuinjiniya wemumunda pane LNG liquefaction project kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweLouisiana. LNG liquefaction zvivakwa.
Ashish ane dhigirii reBachelor muinjiniya uye ane makore anopfuura makumi maviri ekuita zvakawanda muinjiniya, vimbiso yemhando / kudzora kwemhando, dhigirii remupi / kutarisa, kutenga, kuongorora zviwanikwa, kuronga, kugadzira, kuvaka uye subcontracting.
Oiri uye gasi kushandiswa kunowanzowanikwa munzvimbo dziri kure kure nehofisi yekambani.Zvino, zvinokwanisika kutarisa kushanda kwepombi, kuronga uye kuongorora data yekudengenyeka kwenyika, uye kutevera vashandi pasi rose kubva kune chero kupi zvako.Ingave vashandi vari muhofisi kana kunze kweguta, Indaneti uye zvikumbiro zvakabatana zvinogonesa kutenderera kwemashoko akawanda uye kutonga kupfuura kare.
Nyorera kuOILMAN Nhasi, pepanhau revhiki nevhiki rinounzwa kubhokisi rako rekunyora nezvose zvaunoda kuziva nezvemafuta uye gasi bhizinesi nhau, zviitiko zvazvino uye ruzivo rweindasitiri.