Rob Koltz da Dave Meyer sun tattauna halaye na ferritic (magnetic) da austenitic (marasa maganadisu) na bakin karfe masu walƙiya.Hotunan Getty
Q: Ina walda wani maras Magnetic 316 bakin karfe tanki.Na fara walda tankunan ruwa tare da waya ER316L kuma na gano cewa waldar tana maganadisu.Ina yin wani abu ba daidai ba?
A: Wataƙila babu abin da za ku damu.Yana da al'ada ga welds da aka yi da ER316L don jawo hankalin maganadisu, da kuma birgima zanen gado da 316 zanen gado sau da yawa ba su jawo hankalin maganadiso.
Abubuwan ƙarfe na ƙarfe suna wanzu a matakai daban-daban dangane da yanayin zafi da matakin ƙara kuzari, wanda ke nufin cewa atom ɗin da ke cikin ƙarfe an tsara su ta hanyoyi daban-daban.Mafi yawan matakai guda biyu sune austenite da ferrite.Austenite ba Magnetic bane, yayin da ferrite shine Magnetic.
A cikin karfen carbon na yau da kullun, austenite wani lokaci ne wanda ke wanzuwa kawai a yanayin zafi mai yawa, kuma yayin da ƙarfe ya yi sanyi, austenite ya zama ferrite.Saboda haka, a dakin da zafin jiki, carbon karfe ne Magnetic.
Wasu maki na bakin karfe, ciki har da 304 da 316, ana kiran su austenitic bakin karfe saboda babban lokacin su shine austenite a dakin da zafin jiki.Waɗannan bakin karafa suna taurare zuwa ferrite kuma suna juya zuwa austenite lokacin sanyaya.Austenitic bakin karfe faranti da zanen gado an hõre sarrafa sanyaya da mirgina ayyuka wanda gaba ɗaya maida duk na ferrite zuwa austenite.
A tsakiyar karni na 20, an gano cewa lokacin walda bakin karfe na austenitic, kasancewar wasu ferrite a cikin karfen walda yana hana microcracks (fashewa) wanda zai iya faruwa lokacin da karfen filler ya cika austenitic.Don hana microcracks, yawancin karafa na bakin karfe na austenitic sun ƙunshi tsakanin 3% da 20% ferrite, don haka suna jan hankalin maganadisu.A haƙiƙa, na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ake amfani da su don auna abun ciki na ferrite a cikin waldar bakin karfe kuma na iya auna matakin jan hankali.
Ana amfani da 316 a wasu aikace-aikace inda yake da mahimmanci don rage girman abubuwan da ke cikin walda, amma ba a cika buƙatar wannan a cikin tankuna ba.Ina fatan za ku iya ci gaba da siyarwa ba tare da wata matsala ba.
WELDER, wanda a da ake kira Practical Welding Today, yana wakiltar ainihin mutanen da ke yin samfuran da muke amfani da su kuma suke aiki da su kowace rana.Wannan mujallar ta yi hidima ga al’ummar walda a Arewacin Amirka sama da shekaru 20.
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