Rob Koltz ndi Dave Meyer akukambirana za ferritic (magnetic) ndi austenitic (non-magnetic) makhalidwe a zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zowotcherera.Zithunzi za Getty
Q: Ndikuwotchera thanki yopanda maginito ya 316 yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Ndinayamba kuwotcherera matanki amadzi ndi waya wa ER316L ndipo ndinapeza kuti ma welds anali maginito.Kodi ndikuchita cholakwika?
A: Mwina mulibe chodetsa nkhawa.Ndi zachilendo kuti ma welds opangidwa ndi ER316L akope maginito, ndipo mapepala ogubuduza ndi mapepala 316 nthawi zambiri samakopa magnetism.
Ma aloyi achitsulo amakhalapo m'magawo angapo osiyanasiyana malinga ndi kutentha ndi mlingo wa doping, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maatomu achitsulo amakonzedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.Magawo awiri omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi austenite ndi ferrite.Austenite si maginito, pamene ferrite ndi maginito.
Mu carbon steel wamba, austenite ndi gawo limene limapezeka kokha pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo pamene chitsulo chimazizira, austenite imasanduka ferrite.Choncho, kutentha kwa chipinda, carbon steel ndi maginito.
Zina zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kuphatikizapo 304 ndi 316, zimatchedwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic chifukwa gawo lawo lalikulu ndi austenite kutentha.Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri izi zimalimba kuti zisinthe ndikutembenukira ku austenite zikakhazikika.Ma mbale ndi mapepala a Austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri amatha kuziziritsa ndikugudubuzika zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatembenuza ferrite kukhala austenite.
M'katikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1900, adapeza kuti pamene kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, kupezeka kwa ferrite muzitsulo zowotcherera kumalepheretsa microcracks (kusweka) komwe kungachitike pamene zitsulo zodzaza ndi austenitic.Pofuna kupewa ma microcracks, zitsulo zambiri zodzaza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic zimakhala ndi pakati pa 3% ndi 20% ferrite, kotero zimakopa maginito.M'malo mwake, masensa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza zomwe zili mu ferrite mu welds zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri amathanso kuyeza kuchuluka kwa maginito.
316 imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina pomwe ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mphamvu ya maginito ya weld, koma izi sizimafunikanso m'matangi.Ndikukhulupirira kuti mutha kupitiliza kugulitsa popanda vuto lililonse.
WELDER, yemwe kale ankatchedwa Practical Welding Today, amaimira anthu enieni omwe amapanga zinthu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito ndikugwira nazo ntchito tsiku lililonse.Magaziniyi yakhala ikugwira ntchito yowotchera zinthu ku North America kwa zaka zoposa 20.
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