Imiyoboro ya AISI 410 y'icyuma kitagira umugese
Urusobe rw'inganda:
umuyoboro w'icyuma gifunganye
umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umugese
umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umugese
umuyoboro w'icyuma gifunganye
abatanga imiyoboro y'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kidakoresha ibyuma bitagira umugese
abakora imiyoboro ya coil y'icyuma kidashonga
umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umugese
Umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umwanda, umuyoboro muto w'icyuma kidafunze ukoreshwa cyane mu buvuzi, fibre-optic, gukora amakaramu, ibikoresho byo gusudira by'ikoranabuhanga, insinga zoroheje, ibiryo, ibya kera, amata, ibinyobwa, farumasi na biochimie, uburebure butandukanye bushobora gutangwa hakurikijwe ubusabe.
Imiyoboro ya capillary ifite umuyoboro ntarengwa wa santimetero 0.0158, iboneka mu byuma bitandukanye bita steel stainless. Imiyoboro ya capillary ya Sandvik irangwa no kwihanganira ibintu bikomeye, kandi imbere mu miyoboro nta mavuta, amavuta n'ibindi bice. Ibi bituma, urugero, amazi n'imyuka biva kuri sensor bijya ku gikoresho gipimisha birushaho kumera neza kandi bingana.
Ibyuma bitagira umugozi bivanze biboneka mu buryo butandukanye bw'ibicuruzwa bitewe n'ibyo umukiriya akeneye. Ibikoresho by'icyuma kitagira umugozi bikorana ibikoresho bya terefone zivanze kandi zidafite umugozi. Ibyiciro bisanzwe ni 304 304L 316L (UNS S31603) Duplex 2205 (UNS S32205 & S31803) Super Duplex 2507 (UNS S32750) Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825) Inconel 625 (UNS N06625) 410 Izindi ngero z'icyuma kitagira umugozi muri duplex na superduplex na nickel alloy ziraboneka iyo ubisabye.
Ingano kuva kuri mm 3 (0.118'') kugeza kuri mm 25.4 (1.00'') OD. Ubunini bw'urukuta kuva kuri mm 0.5 (0.020'') kugeza kuri mm 3 (0.118''). Umuyoboro ushobora gutangwa mu muyoboro w'icyuma gikonje cyangwa cy'icyuma kidafunze.
Ibisobanuro
| Ikirango | Liaocheng Sihe INYUMA |
| Ubunini | 0.1-2.0mm |
| Ingano | 0.3-20mm (kwihanganira: ± 0.01mm) |
| Ingano y'Ifu Itagira Ifu | 201,202,304,304L,316L,317L,321,310s,254mso,904L,2205,625 n'ibindi. |
| Kurangiza ubuso | Imbere n'inyuma harimo imiyoboro y'amazi irabagirana, isukura, kandi nta cyuho kirimo. |
| Igisanzwe | ASTM A269-2002.JIS G4305/ GB/T 12770-2002GB/T12771-2002 |
| Uburebure | 200-1500m kuri buri koyili, cyangwa uko umukiriya abikeneye |
| Ingano y'imigabane | 6 * 1 mm , 8 * 0.5 mm , 8 * 0.6 mm , 8 * 0.8 mm , 8 * 0.9 mm , 8 * 1 mm , 9.5 * 1 mm , 10 * 1 mm , n'ibindi. |
| Icyemezo | ISO&BV |
| Uburyo bwo gupakira | Imifuka iboshye, imifuka ya pulasitiki n'ibindi. |
| Urutonde rw'ibikenewe | ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'ibiribwa, ibikoresho by'ibinyobwa, imashini zikora inzoga, imashini ihindura ubushyuhe, sisitemu y'amata/amazi, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, indege, iby'indege, itumanaho, peteroli n'izindi nganda. |
| Icyitonderwa | Ikirango cya OEM / ODM / Abaguzi kirakirwa. |
| Ingano y'umuyoboro wa Coil w'icyuma kitagira umugese | ||||||||||||||||
| IGITEKEREZO | Icyiciro | Ingano | Igitutu | Uburebure | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/8″×0.025″ | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 2 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/8″×0.035″ | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 3 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/4″×0.035″ | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 4 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/4″×0.049″ | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 3/8″×0.035″ | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 6 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 3/8″×0.049″ | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 7 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/2″×0.049″ | 1000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 8 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/2″×0.065″ | 1000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 9 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ3mm × 0.7mm | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 10 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ3mm × 0.9mm | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 11 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ4mm × 0.9mm | 3000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 12 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ4mm × 1.1mm | 3000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 13 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ6mm × 0.9mm | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 14 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ6mm × 1.1mm | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 15 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ8mm × 1mm | 1800 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 16 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ8mm × 1.2mm | 1800 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 17 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ10mm × 1mm | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 18 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ10mm × 1.2mm | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 19 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ10mm × 2mm | 500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 20 | 316L、304L、304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ12mm × 1.5mm | 500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| Ameza y'umuvuduko | ||||||||||||||||
| Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye ku murongo uwo ari wo wose wo kugenzura cyangwa gutera imiti bishingira ku miterere y’imikorere n’aho biherereye. Kugira ngo bifashe mu guhitamo, imbonerahamwe zikurikira zitanga amanota y’umuvuduko w’imbere n’ibintu bihindura imiterere n’ingano bihuriweho by’imiyoboro idafite umugozi kandi ikoresha laser. | ||||||||||||||||
| Igitutu ntarengwa (P) kuri TP 316L kuri 100°F (38°C)1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Reba ibintu byo guhindura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa n'ibyiciro by'ibicuruzwa biri hepfo. | ||||||||||||||||
| Umurambararo wo hanze, muri. | Ubugari bw'urukuta, muri. | Igitutu cy'akazi2) | Umuvuduko ukabije2) | Gushonga kw'umuvuduko4) | ||||||||||||
| psi (MPa) | psi (MPa) | psi (MPa) | ||||||||||||||
| 1/4 | 0.035 | 6,600 (46) | 22,470 (155) | 6,600 (46) | ||||||||||||
| 1/4 | 0.049 | 9,260 (64) | 27.400 (189) | 8,710 (60) | ||||||||||||
| 1/4 | 0.065 | 12,280 (85) | 34.640 (239) | 10.750 (74) | ||||||||||||
| 3/8 | 0.035 | 4,410 (30) | 19.160 (132) | 4,610 (32) | ||||||||||||
| 3/8 | 0.049 | 6,170 (43) | 21.750 (150) | 6,220 (43) | ||||||||||||
| 3/8 | 0.065 | 8,190 (56) | 25.260 (174) | 7,900 (54) | ||||||||||||
| 3/8 | 0.083 | 10,450 (72) | 30.050 (207) | 9,570 (66) | ||||||||||||
| 1/2 | 0.049 | 4,630 (32) | 19.460 (134) | 4,820 (33) | ||||||||||||
| 1/2 | 0.065 | 6,140 (42) | 21.700 (150) | 6,200 (43) | ||||||||||||
| 1/2 | 0.083 | 7,840 (54) | 24.600 (170) | 7,620 (53) | ||||||||||||
| 5/8 | 0.049 | 3,700 (26) | 18.230 (126) | 3,930 (27) | ||||||||||||
| 5/8 | 0.065 | 4,900 (34) | 19.860 (137) | 5,090 (35) | ||||||||||||
| 5/8 | 0.083 | 6,270 (43) | 26.910 (151) | 6,310 (44) | ||||||||||||
| 3/4 | 0.049 | 3,080 (21) | 17,470 (120) | 3,320 (23) | ||||||||||||
| 3/4 | 0.065 | 4,090 (28) | 18.740 (129) | 4,310 (30) | ||||||||||||
| 3/4 | 0.083 | 5,220 (36) | 20.310 (140) | 5,380 (37) | ||||||||||||
| 1) Ibigereranyo gusa. Ibitutu nyabyo bigomba kubarwa hashingiwe ku bintu byose bitera stress muri sisitemu. | ||||||||||||||||
| 2) Hashingiwe ku mibare yavuye muri API 5C3, hakoreshejwe ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira inkuta bwa +/-10% | ||||||||||||||||
| 3) Hashingiwe ku mibare ya "ultimate strength burst" ya API 5C3 | ||||||||||||||||
| 4) Hashingiwe ku mibare y'imbaraga zo gutakaza umusaruro kuva kuri API 5C3 | ||||||||||||||||
| Ibintu byo guhindura umuvuduko ntarengwa w'akazi1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Pw = igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'imikorere kuri TP 316L kuri 100°F (38°C). Kugira ngo umenye umuvuduko w'imikorere ku gipimo/ubushyuhe, gabanya Pw ukoresheje ikintu cyo guhindura. | ||||||||||||||||
| Icyiciro | 100°F | 200°F | 300°F | 400°F | ||||||||||||
| (38)°C) | (93)°C) | (149)°C) | (204)°C) | |||||||||||||
| TP 316L, nta mugozi | 1 | 0.87 | 0.7 | 0.63 | ||||||||||||
| TP 316L, ifite ibyuma bisukwa | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.6 | 0.54 | ||||||||||||
| Alloy 825, ifite umushororo | 1.33 | 1.17 | 1.1 | 1.03 | ||||||||||||
| Aloi 825, ivanze | 1.13 | 1.99 | 1.94 | 0.88 | ||||||||||||
| 1) Ibintu byo guhindura bishingiye ku muvuduko wemewe muri ASME. | ||||||||||||||||
| Ibintu byo guhindura umuvuduko ukabije1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Pb = igitutu cy’ishingiro cya TP 316L kuri 100°F. Kugira ngo umenye igitutu cya ihinduka ry’ihinduka ry’ihinduka ry’ibiciro ku bushyuhe n’ingano, kubita Pb ukoresheje ikintu cyo guhindura. | ||||||||||||||||
| Icyiciro | 100°F | 200°F | 300°F | 400°F | ||||||||||||
| (38)°C) | (93)°C) | (149)°C) | (204)°C) | |||||||||||||
| TP 316L, nta mugozi | 1 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||
| TP 316L, ifite ibyuma bisukwa | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.68 | ||||||||||||
| Alloy 825, ifite umushororo | 1.13 | 1.07 | 1 | 0.87 | ||||||||||||
| Aloi 825, ivanze | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.74 | ||||||||||||
| 1) Ibintu byo guhindura ibintu bishingiye ku mbaraga z’ibanze muri ASME. | ||||||||||||||||
▼Ingano y'ibikoresho by'imiyoboro ikozwe mu cyuma kitagira umugese / imiyoboro ikozwe mu cyuma kitagira umugese:
| Amerika | U BUDAGE | U BUDAGE | UBUFARANSA | UBUYAPANI | UBUTALIYANI | U BUSUWEDI | Ubwongereza | Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi | ESPANYA | UBURUSI |
| AISI | DIN 17006 | WN 17007 | AFNOR | JIS | Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye | SIS | BSI | EURONOM | ||
| 201 | SUS 201 | |||||||||
| 301 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | 1.4310 | Z 12 CN 17-07 | SUS 301 | X 12 CrNi 1707 | 23 31 | 301S21 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | X 12 CrNi 17-07 | |
| 302 | X 5 CrNi 18 7 | 1.4319 | Z 10 CN 18-09 | SUS 302 | X 10 CrNi 1809 | 23 31 | 302S25 | X 10 CrNi 18 9 | X 10 CrNi 18-09 | 12KH18N9 |
| 303 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | 1.4305 | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 23 46 | 303S21 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | |
| 303 Se | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 Se | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 303S41 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | 12KH18N10E | ||||
| 304 | X 5 CrNi 18 10 X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 1.4301 1.4303 | Z 6 CN 18-09 | SUS 304 | X 5 CrNi 1810 | 23 32 | 304S15 304S16 | X 6 CrNi 18 10 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | 08KH18N10 06KH18N11 |
| 304 N | SUS 304N1 | X 5 CrNiN 1810 | ||||||||
| 304 H | SUS F 304H | X 8 CrNi 1910 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | |||||||
| 304 L | X 2 CrNi 18 11 | 1.4306 | Z 2 CN 18-10 | SUS 304L | X 2 CrNi 1911 | 23 52 | 304S11 | X 3 CrNi 18 10 | X 2 CrNi 19-10 | 03KH18N11 |
| X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 1.4311 | Z 2 CN 18-10-Az | SUS 304LN | X 2 CrNiN 1811 | 23 71 | |||||
| 305 | Z 8 CN 18-12 | SUS 305 | X 8 CrNi 1812 | 23 33 | 305S19 | X 8 CrNi 18 12 | X 8 CrNi 18-12 | |||
| Z 6 CNU 18-10 | SUS XM7 | X 6 CrNiCu 18 10 4 Kd | ||||||||
| 309 | X 15 CrNiS 20 12 | 1.4828 | Z 15 CN 24-13 | SUH 309 | X 16 CrNi 2314 | 309S24 | X 15 CrNi 23 13 | |||
| 309 S | SUS 309S | X 6 CrNi 2314 | X 6 CrNi 22 13 | |||||||
| 310 | X 12 CrNi 25 21 | 1.4845 | SUH 310 | X 22 CrNi 2520 | 310S24 | 20KH23N18 | ||||
| 310 S | X 12 CrNi 25 20 | 1.4842 | Z 12 CN 25-20 | SUS 310S | X 5 CrNi 2520 | 23 61 | X 6 CrNi 25 20 | 10KH23N18 | ||
| 314 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 1.4841 | Z 12 CNS 25-20 | X 16 CrNiSi 2520 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 20KH25N20S2 | ||||
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | 1.4401 | Z 6 CND 17-11 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 47 | 316S31 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | 1.4436 | Z 6 CND 17-12 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 43 | 316S33 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 F | X 12 CrNiMoS 18 11 | 1.4427 | ||||||||
| 316 N | SUS 316N | |||||||||
| 316 H | SUS F 316H | X 8 CrNiMo 1712 | X 5 CrNiMo 17-12 | |||||||
| 316 H | X 8 CrNiMo 1713 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | ||||||||
| 316 L | X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2 | 1.4404 | Z 2 CND 17-12 | SUS 316L | X 2 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 48 | 316S11 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH17N14M2 |
| X 2 CrNiMoN 17 12 2 | 1.4406 | Z 2 CND 17-12-Az | SUS 316LN | X 2 CrNiMoN 1712 | ||||||
| 316 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 | 1.4435 | Z 2 CND 17-13 | X 2 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 53 | 316S13 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH16N15M3 | |
| X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 3 | 1.4429 | Z 2 CND 17-13-Az | X 2 CrNiMoN 1713 | 23 75 | ||||||
| X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | 1.4571 | Z6 CNDT 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1712 | 23 50 | 320S31 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||
| X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 12 | 1.4573 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1713 | 320S33 | X 6 CrNiMoTI 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||||
| X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 1.4580 | Z 6 CNDNb 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1712 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 08KH16N13M2B | |||||
| X 10 CrNiMoNb 18 12 | 1.4583 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1713 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 13 3 | 09KH16N15M3B | ||||||
| 317 | SUS 317 | X 5 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 66 | 317S16 | ||||||
| 317 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 317 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1816 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 330 | X 12 NiCrSi 36 16 | 1.4864 | Z 12NCS 35-16 | SUH 330 | ||||||
| 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 X 12 CrNiTi 18 9 | 1.4541 1.4878 | Z 6 CNT 18-10 | SUS 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 1811 | 23 37 | 321S31 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 | X 6 CrNiTi 18-11 | 08KH18N10T |
| 321 H | SUS 321H | X 8 CrNiTi 1811 | 321S20 | X 7 CrNiTi 18-11 | 12KH18N10T | |||||
| 329 | X 8 CrNiMo 27 5 | 1.4460 | SUS 329J1 | 23 24 | ||||||
| 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | 1.4550 | Z 6 CNNb 18-10 | SUS 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 1811 | 23 38 | 347S31 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | X 6 CrNiNb 18-11 | 08KH18N12B |
| 347 H | SUS F 347H | X 8 CrNiNb 1811 | X 7 CrNiNb 18-11 | |||||||
| 904L | 1.4939 | Z 12 CNDV 12-02 | ||||||||
| X 20 CrNiSi 25 4 | 1.4821 | |||||||||
| UNS31803 | X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 | 1.4462 | ||||||||
| UNS32760 | X 3 CrNiMoN 25 7 | 1.4501 | Z 3 CND 25-06Az | |||||||
| 403 | X 6 Cr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1.4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 12 C 13 | SUS 403 | X 12 Cr 13 | 23 02 | 403S17 | X 10 Cr 13 X 12 Cr 13 | X 6 Cr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 1.4002 | Z 6 CA 13 | SUS 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405S17 | X 6 CrAl 13 | X 6 CrAl 13 | ||
| X 10 CrAl 7 | 1.4713 | Z 8 CA 7 | X 10 CrAl 7 | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 13 | 1.4724 | X 10 CrAl 12 | 10Kh13SYu | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 18 | 1.4742 | X 10 CrSiAl 18 | 15Kh18SYu | |||||||
| 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 1.4512 | Z 6 CT 12 | SUH 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 409S19 | X 5 CrTi 12 | |||
| X 2 CrTi 12 | ||||||||||
| 410 | X 6 Cr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1.4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 10 C 13 Z 12 C 13 | SUS 410 | X 12 Cr 13 | 23 02 | 410S21 | X 12 Cr 13 | X 12 Cr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 410 S | X 6 Cr 13 | 1.4000 | Z 6 C 13 | SUS 410S | X 6 Cr 13 | 23 01 | 403S17 | X 6 Cr 13 | 08Kh13 | |
| 414 |
Uruganda
Akamaro k'ubwiza:
Ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa byacu ku murongo w'igenzura mu rwego rwa peteroli na gaze buragaragara atari mu gihe cyo kugenzura gusa, ahubwo no mu igeragezwa ry'ibicuruzwa. Ibipimo bisanzwe birimo:
1. Ibizamini bidasenya
2. Ibipimo bya Hydrostatic
3. Igenzura ry'irangira ry'ubuso
4. Ibipimo by'ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo
5. Ibizamini byo gushyuha no gufunga
6. Gupima imiterere y'ibikoresho bya mekanike n'ibinyabutabire
Umuyoboro wa caillary ukoreshwa
1) Inganda zikora ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi
2) kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'inganda bugengwa n'ubushyuhe, imiyoboro ikoreshwa n'ibikoresho, thermometer y'umuyoboro
3) Umuyoboro w'ibanze w'inganda zishinzwe kwita ku makaramu
4) antene ntoya, ubwoko butandukanye bwa antene ntoya z'icyuma kidashonga neza
5) Ifite ubwoko butandukanye bw'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bitagira umurambararo gikozwe mu byuma bitagira umurambararo
6) Umushumi w'imitako
7) Amasaha, ifoto
8) Umuyoboro wa antene y'imodoka, antene zo ku ruhande zikoresha imiyoboro, umuyoboro wa antene
9) Ibikoresho byo gushushanya hakoreshejwe laser kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu cyuma kitagira umwanda
10) Ibikoresho byo kuroba, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, Yugan nta kintu na kimwe afite
11) Indyo ikoresha umuyoboro w'icyuma kidashonga
12) ubwoko bwose bwa stylus ya terefone igendanwa na stylus ya mudasobwa
13) Inganda zishyushya imiyoboro, inganda zikora peteroli
14) Imashini zicapa, urushinge rw'agasanduku kadacecetse
15) Kura umuyoboro w'icyuma gishongeshejwe kabiri gikoreshwa mu madirishya afatanye
16) Ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiyoboro mito y'icyuma gikozwe mu nganda gifite uburebure buciriritse
17) Gutanga neza ibikoresho hakoreshejwe inshinge z'icyuma kitagira umugese
18) Mikoro, ecouteur na mikoro zo gukoresha umuyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umugese, n'ibindi









