Mō ngā kaipupuri me ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā teihana penehīni hokohoko, he uaua ki te tiki i ngā paipa me ngā wāhanga pūnaha whakakī wahie e hangai ana ki te muka karāhe nā te korenga o te kapia, ā, he uaua ki te tiki i ngā whakaurunga ngongo hau (UST) mō ngā tāke rokiroki o raro whenua. Ka ārai ēnei korenga i te whakaurunga o ngā pūnaha hou, kua whakapai ake rānei, nā te mea he wāhanga e hiahiatia ana te putanga hau i roto i ngā whakaurunga whakakī wahie i a ia e rere ana mai i te UST ki te putanga hau korehau pēhanga o te pūnaha.
He mea nui te raina hauhautanga mō te whakahaere o te pūnaha UST nā te mea ka taea e te tāke te whakaputa hau ina neke ake te pēhanga o roto, te korehau rānei i tētahi wāhi, ā, ka taea ai e te tāke te "manawa". Ahakoa he mea whakararuraru te korenga o te muka karāhe, kei reira tētahi otinga kua oti kē te whakarite, kua whakamātauhia hoki: ngā awa hauhautanga ngāwari.
Ngā Paipa Pūwero Kore-Whakamāmā Ka tukuna e te OPW he whānuitanga katoa o ngā rahi me ngā roa o ngā paipa whakaputa hau ngāwari, kua hoahoatia katoatia, kua whakaaetia hoki hei whakarato i ngā painga maha ina whakamahia me te whānuitanga o ngā wahie miihini e wātea ana i te mākete hinu i tēnei wā.
Neke atu i te 25 tau te roa o te whakamahinga o ngā ngongo i roto i ngā whakaurunga pūnaha wahie, ko te nuinga hei whakarato i te hononga i waenga i te UST me te kaiwhakarato wahie. I tua atu, i te tau 2004, i tāpirihia e te UL/ULc te tohu "Common Exhaust" ki tana UL-971 "Standar for the Safety of Non-contact Underground Piping for Flammable Liquids," ka waiho ko te paipa ngāwari te whiringa tuatahi mō ngā whakaurunga pūnaha wahie. Te whakahaere i ngā hua wai me ngā tono whakaputa hau.
He rite tonu ngā painga o te paipa ngāwari ina whakamahia hei paipa hau UST ki ērā ina whakamahia mō ngā tono tuku wahie:
Ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hanga paipa hauhautanga, he pai ake ēnei painga o ngā paipa ngāwari:
I whakarewahia e te kamupene OPW Retail Fueling o Smithfield, NC, tana raina hua FlexWorks i te tau 1996. Mai i taua wā, neke atu i te 10 miriona putu o ngā paipa ngāwari – kua whakarārangihia e te UL mō te hauhautanga i te tau 2007 – kua hokona hei whakamahi i roto i ngā wahie motuka, ngā wahie ranunga-nui, ngā wahie whakarei ake, me ngā wahie rererangi me te moana huri noa i te ao.
Kei te wātea ngā Ngongo Ngāwari OPW i roto i ngā whirihoranga pakitara kotahi me te pakitara takirua, ā, kei te wātea hoki i roto i ngā roa rerekē i runga i ngā rīra, i roto rānei i ngā "toko" papatahi 25, 33, me te 40 putu me ngā diameter o te 1.5, 2, me te 3 inihi. E ai ki te PEI/RP 100-20 "Ngā Tikanga e Taunakihia ana mō te Tāuta i ngā Pūnaha Rokiroki Wai i raro i te Whenua." Ko te OPW he nui ake i te tūtohutanga a te PEI/RP 100-20, e taunaki ana kia whakatōngia ngā awa hau ki te 1/4 inihi ia putu, kaua ki te 1/8 inihi ia putu e Taunakihia ana e te PEI.
Me hanga ngā hononga paipa whakaputa hau ngāwari ki te kowiri tira, ā, ka taea te whakauru ki roto i ngā rūma whakawhiti, i ngā puna rānei, inā koa i ngā whenua e hiahiatia ana he paipa pakitara rua. Mena kāore e wātea ana ngā hononga kowiri tira, ngā ipu hinu whakawhiti rānei, me takai ngā hononga ki te rīpene Densyl™ (e mōhiotia ana ko te rīpene hinu, ko te rīpene ware pi rānei) hei ārai i te waikura.
I roto i ngā tau 25 mai i tōna hanganga, kua whakapai ake a OPW i tana paipa ngāwari FlexWorks, tae atu ki te whakanui ake i te ngāwari me te iti o te kaha piko me te ngāwari ake o te tāutanga; te whakaiti i te taumaha o te paipa hei whakaiti i ngā utu kaipuke; me te whakaiti nui i te mahara o te paipa hei whakatutuki i ngā hononga Tere me te kaha ki te whakatakoto i te paipa kia papatahi ki roto i te awaawa; me te whakamahi i te raina paipa Kynar® ADX (PVDF) kua whakapakaritia, he kikī ake, he ātete ake hoki ki te uruhanga, he mea pai mō te pānga ki te wai me te kohu.
Whai muri i ngā tekau tau o te whakamatau i tōna whai huatanga hei wāhanga o ngā pūnaha tuku wahie i raro i te whenua, kei te tere haere te noho o ngā paipa ngāwari hei whiringa tuatahi mō ngā tono paipa hau, ā, ko te pakari o te muka karāhe o nāianei tētahi atu take he paipa hau ngāwari hei whakakapi pono i te paipa hau mārō, i te ngongo muka karāhe mārō-haurua rānei.
Tikina ngā mōhiotanga ahumahi e tika ana kia mōhio koe i tēnei rā. Waitohu ki te whiwhi karere kuputuhi mai i ngā CSP mō ngā purongo me ngā tirohanga e whai tikanga ana ki tō waitohu.
Tikina ngā mōhiotanga ahumahi e tika ana kia mōhio koe i tēnei rā. Waitohu ki te whiwhi karere kuputuhi mai i ngā CSP mō ngā purongo me ngā tirohanga e whai tikanga ana ki tō waitohu.
E whakaatu ana a Top 202 i ngā mekameka toa nui rawa atu o te umanga toa hokomaha me ngā kōrero hokohoko me te hokonga nui rawa atu o te tau kua hipa.
Te mahi hokohoko ā-kāwai mō ngā inu, ngā mea reka, ngā toa hoko kai, ngā kai/ratonga kai kua takaihia me ngā paramanawa.
He kamupene ratonga mōhiohio pakihi-ki-te-pākihi matua a Winsight e arotahi ana ki te umanga kai me te inu, e mahi ana ki ngā kaiārahi pakihi puta noa i ngā hongere katoa (ngā toa hokohoko, ngā toa hoko kai, ngā wharekai me ngā ratonga kai kore-arumoni) kia taea ai e ngā kaihoko te hoko kai me te inu mā roto i ngā pāpāho, ngā huihuinga, ngā raraunga. E whakarato ana i ngā tirohanga me ngā hua mōhiotanga mākete, ngā ratonga kōrero me ngā whakaaturanga hokohoko.