Ke hana nei nā ʻenekinia i kahi "ʻae" o ka James Webb Space Telescope's mid-infrared instrument ma NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana mai UK.
ʻO Johnny Melendez (ʻākau) a me Joe Mora e nānā i ka cryocooler MIRI ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana iā Northrop Grumman ma Redondo Beach, Kaleponi.
ʻO kēia ʻāpana o ka mea hana MIRI, i ʻike ʻia ma Appleton Laboratory ma Rutherford, UK, aia nā mea ʻike infrared. Aia ka cryocooler ma kahi mamao mai ka mea ʻike no ka mea e hana ana ia ma kahi wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kahi paipu e lawe ana i ka helium anu e hoʻopili i nā ʻāpana ʻelua.
Noho ʻo MIRI (hema) ma ka lāʻau kaulike ma Northrop Grumman ma Redondo Beach i ka wā e hoʻomākaukau ai nā mea ʻenekinia e hoʻohana i kahi crane ma luna e hoʻopili ai i ka Integrated Scientific Instrument Module (ISIM).
Ma mua o ka hana ʻana o ka mea hana MIRI - kekahi o nā mea ʻepekema ʻehā ma ka hale kiaʻi - pono e hoʻomaʻalili ʻia a kokoke i ke anuanu ʻoi loa e hiki ke hiki.
ʻO James Webb Space Telescope o NASA, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka lā 24 o Dekemaba, ʻo ia ka mākaʻikaʻi ākea nui loa i ka mōʻaukala, a he hana koʻikoʻi hoʻi ia: ʻohi i nā kukui infrared mai nā kihi mamao loa o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, e ʻae ana i nā ʻepekema e ʻimi i ke ʻano a me ke kumu o ke ao holoʻokoʻa.
Nui nā mea cosmic - me nā hōkū a me nā hoku, a me ke kinoea a me ka lepo kahi i hana ai lākou - e hoʻopuka i ke kukui infrared, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa thermal radiation. 233 degere Celsius). Akā, no ka hana pono ʻana, pono e ʻoi aku ke anuanu o nā mea ʻike i loko o ka mea hana infrared mid-infrared, a i ʻole MIRI: ma lalo o 7 Kelvin (emi 448 degere Fahrenheit, a i ʻole 266 degere Celsius).
He mau degere wale nō ia ma luna o ka ʻole ʻole (0 Kelvin) – ʻo ka mahana wela loa i ka manaʻo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ke kino no ka mea e hōʻike ana i ka nele loa o kekahi wela.
ʻO ka mahana ke ana o ka neʻe ʻana o nā atoms wikiwiki, a ma waho aʻe o ka ʻike ʻana i kā lākou kukui infrared ponoʻī, hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā mea ʻike Webb e kā lākou mau haʻalulu wela.
Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana, e kau ʻo Webb i kahi visor tennis-court-size e pale aku iā MIRI a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe mai ka wela o ka lā, e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻomaha mālie.
"He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā mea a hiki i kēlā mahana ma ka Honua, pinepine no nā noi ʻepekema a ʻoihana paha," wahi a Konstantin Penanen, he loea cryocooler ma NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory ma Southern California. , nāna e hoʻokele i ka mea hana MIRI no NASA. "Akā ʻo kēlā mau ʻōnaehana hoʻokumu honua he nui loa a ʻaʻohe ikaika. No kahi mākaʻikaʻi lewa, pono mākou i kahi mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa i paʻa kino, ʻoi aku ka ikaika, a pono e hilinaʻi nui ʻia no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hele i waho a hoʻoponopono.
ʻO kekahi o nā pahuhopu ʻepekema o Webb, ʻo ia ke aʻo ʻana i nā waiwai o nā hōkū mua i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke ao holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka pahu kiʻi kiʻi kokoke-infrared a i ʻole ka mea kani NIRCam e hiki ke ʻike i kēia mau mea mamao loa, a e kōkua ʻo MIRI i nā ʻepekema e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kēia mau kumu o ka mālamalama he mau puʻupuʻu o nā hōkū o ka hanauna mua, ma mua o nā hōkū o ka hanauna lua i hoʻokumu ʻia ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka galaxy.
Ma ka nānā ʻana i nā ao lepo i ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o nā mea kani-infrared kokoke, e hōʻike ʻo MIRI i nā wahi hānau o nā hōkū. hiki ke ʻike iā lākou he hau.
"Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻike ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa, ua kūkulu mākou i ka MIRI ma ke ʻano he mana o Webb, e hiki ai i nā astronomers mai nā wahi a puni ke pane i nā nīnau nui e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā hōkū, planets a me nā galaxes," wahi a Gillian Wright, Co-alakaʻi o ka hui ʻepekema MIRI a me European Principal Investigator no ka mea kani ma UK Astronomical Technology Center (UK ATC).
Hoʻohana ka MIRI cryocooler i ke kinoea helium- lawa e hoʻopiha ai i nā baluna pāʻina ʻeiwa-e lawe i ka wela mai nā mea ʻike o ka mea kani. ʻO ka helium i hoʻomahaʻia e hoʻopili i ka wela nui mai ka'āpana, e mālama ana i ka mahana hana o ka detector ma lalo o 7 Kelvin. ʻO ke kinoea wela (akā naʻe ke anu) a laila hoʻi i ka compressor, kahi e kipaku aku ai i ka wela, a hoʻomaka hou ke kaʻina.
ʻO nā paipu e lawe ana i ka helium, ua hana ʻia me ke kila kila i uhi ʻia i ke gula a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi hapaʻumi o ka ʻīniha (2.5 mm) ke anawaena. Hoʻonui ʻo ia ma kahi o 30 kapuaʻi (10 mau mika) mai ka compressor aia ma ka wahi kaʻa kaʻa a hiki i ka MIRI detector i ka ʻelescope optical element aia ma hope o ka honeycomb o ka observatory's honeycomb primary mirror. hoʻomaka, ua compressed ka DTA, e like me ka piston, e kokua i ka hoʻokomo i ka stowed observatory i loko o ka pale ma luna o ka rocket.Once ma ka lewa, ka hale kiaʻi e hoʻolōʻihi e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lumi-mahanahana spacecraft kaʻaahi mai ka cooler optical telescope mea kani a ae i ka sunshade a me ka telescope e hoʻopololei loa.
Hōʻike kēia animation i ka hoʻokō kūpono o ka James Webb Space Telescope deployment hola a me nā lā ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.
Akā ʻo ke kaʻina hana elongation pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka tube helium me ka hui hale kiaʻi expandable.
"Aia kekahi mau paʻakikī i ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana e pili ana i nā ʻāpana he nui o ka hale kiaʻi," wahi a Analyn Schneider, ka luna papahana JPL MIRI. "Ke alakaʻi ʻia nei kēia mau ʻāpana like ʻole e nā hui like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​kikowaena, me Northrop Grumman a me ka US NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, pono mākou e kamaʻilio me nā mea a pau.
E hoʻomaka ana ka James Webb Space Telescope i ka makahiki 2021 ma ke ʻano he mea nānā ʻepekema nui o ka honua. E wehe ʻo Webb i nā mea pohihihi o kā mākou ʻōnaehana solar, e nānā i nā honua mamao a puni nā hōkū ʻē aʻe, a e ʻimi i nā hale pohihihi a me nā kumu o ko mākou ao a me ko mākou wahi.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ʻo MIRI ma o kahi hui 50-50 ma waena o NASA a me ESA (European Space Agency). JPL alakaʻi i ka US hoʻoikaika no MIRI, a me kahi hui multinational o European astronomical institutes e hāʻawi iā ESA. ʻO George Rieke o ke Kulanui o Arizona ʻo MIRI ke alakaʻi ʻepekema US. ʻO Gillian Wright ke poʻo o ka hui ʻepekema ʻEulopa o MIRI.
ʻO Alistair Glasse o ATC, UK ʻo MIRI Instrument Scientist a ʻo Michael Ressler ka US Project Scientist ma JPL. ʻO Laszlo Tamas o ke UK ATC e holo ana i ka European Union. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka cryocooler MIRI ua alakaʻi ʻia a mālama ʻia e JPL ma ka hui pū ʻana me NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center ma Greenbelt, Maryland, a me Red Northropndo Grum.