Akatswiri opanga "kuvomereza" kwa James Webb Space Telescope's mid-infrared chida ku NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center atachoka ku UK.
Akatswiri oyendetsa ndege a JPL a Johnny Melendez (kumanja) ndi Joe Mora amayendera cryocooler ya MIRI asanaitumize ku Northrop Grumman ku Redondo Beach, California.Kumeneko, choziziracho chimamangiriridwa ku thupi la telescope ya Webb.
Chigawo ichi cha chida cha MIRI, chomwe chinawonedwa ku Appleton Laboratory ku Rutherford, UK, chili ndi zida za infrared.Cryocooler ili kutali ndi detector chifukwa imagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu.Chubu chonyamula heliamu yozizira chimagwirizanitsa zigawo ziwirizi.
MIRI (kumanzere) akukhala pa mtengo wosinthitsa ku Northrop Grumman ku Redondo Beach pomwe mainjiniya akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito crane ya pamwamba kuti amangirire ku Integrated Scientific Instrument Module (ISIM). ISIM ndiye pakatikati pa Webb, zida zinayi za sayansi zomwe zimakhala ndi telesikopu.
Chida cha MIRI chisanachitike - chimodzi mwa zida zinayi zasayansi pachowonera - chisanagwire ntchito, chimayenera kuziziritsidwa mpaka pafupifupi kutentha kozizira kwambiri komwe nkhani imatha kufika.
Telesikopu ya NASA ya James Webb Space, yomwe ikuyembekezeka kukhazikitsidwa pa Disembala 24, ndiyo malo aakulu kwambiri oonera zakuthambo m’mbiri yonse, ndipo ili ndi ntchito yovuta mofananamo: kusonkhanitsa kuwala kwa infrared kuchokera kumakona akutali kwambiri a chilengedwe, kulola asayansi kufufuza mpangidwe ndi chiyambi cha chilengedwe .Chilengedwe chathu ndi malo athu mmenemo.
Zinthu zambiri zakuthambo - kuphatikizapo nyenyezi ndi mapulaneti, ndi mpweya ndi fumbi zomwe zimapanga - zimatulutsa kuwala kwa infrared, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa kutentha kwa kutentha. Fahrenheit (osachepera 233 digiri Celsius). Koma kuti zigwire bwino ntchito, zodziwira zomwe zili mkati mwa chipangizo chapakati cha infrared, kapena MIRI, ziyenera kuzizira: pansi pa 7 Kelvin (kuchepetsa madigiri 448 Fahrenheit, kapena kuchepetsa madigiri 266 Celsius).
Kumeneko ndi madigiri ochepa chabe pamwamba pa ziro (0 Kelvin) - kutentha kozizira kwambiri komwe kungatheke, ngakhale kuti sikungatheke kufikako chifukwa kumaimira kusakhalapo kwa kutentha kulikonse.
Kutentha kwenikweni ndiko kuyesa momwe maatomu akuthamanga mofulumira, komanso kuwonjezera pa kuzindikira kuwala kwawo kwa infrared, Webb detectors akhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwawo. Zizindikiro za Webb zikuyesera kuzizindikira.
Pambuyo poyambitsa, Webb idzatumiza visor ya tenisi yomwe imateteza MIRI ndi zida zina kuchokera ku kutentha kwa dzuwa, zomwe zimawalola kuti azizizira pang'onopang'ono.Kuyambira pafupifupi masiku a 77 pambuyo poyambitsa, MIRI's cryocooler idzatenga masiku a 19 kuti achepetse kutentha kwa zida zowunikira mpaka pansi pa 7 Kelvin.
"N'kosavuta kuziziritsa zinthu mpaka kutentha kwapadziko lapansi, nthawi zambiri pazasayansi kapena mafakitale," adatero Konstantin Penanen, katswiri wa cryocooler pa NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory ku Southern California. , yomwe imayang'anira chida cha MIRI cha NASA." Koma machitidwe a Earth-based ndi ochuluka kwambiri komanso alibe mphamvu. Kuti tiwone malo, timafunikira chozizira chomwe chimakhala cholimba, chopanda mphamvu, ndipo chiyenera kukhala chodalirika kwambiri chifukwa sitingathe kupita kukachikonza. Choncho awa ndi zovuta zomwe timakumana nazo.
Chimodzi mwa zolinga zasayansi za Webb ndikuphunzira za nyenyezi zoyamba zomwe zinapangidwa m'chilengedwe.Webb's near-infrared camera or NIRCam instrument adzatha kuzindikira zinthu zakutali kwambiri izi, ndipo MIRI idzathandiza asayansi kutsimikizira kuti magwero opepuka a kuwalawa ndi magulu a nyenyezi za m'badwo woyamba, osati nyenyezi za m'badwo wachiwiri zomwe zinapanga pambuyo pake mumlalang'amba.
Poyang'ana mitambo yafumbi yomwe imakhala yochuluka kuposa zida zapafupi za infrared, MIRI idzawonetsa malo omwe nyenyezi zimabadwira. Idzazindikiranso mamolekyu omwe amapezeka pa Dziko Lapansi - monga madzi, carbon dioxide ndi methane, komanso mamolekyu a miyala yamwala monga silicates - m'malo ozizira ozungulira nyenyezi zapafupi, kumene mapulaneti amatha kupanga. pomwe MIRI amatha kuwawona ngati ayezi.
"Pophatikiza ukadaulo wa US ndi Europe, tapanga MIRI ngati mphamvu ya Webb, yomwe ithandiza akatswiri a zakuthambo padziko lonse lapansi kuyankha mafunso akulu okhudza momwe nyenyezi, mapulaneti ndi milalang'amba zimapangidwira komanso kusinthika," adatero Gillian Wright, Mtsogoleri wa gulu la sayansi la MIRI komanso Wofufuza wamkulu waku Europe pa chida ku UK Astronomical Technology Center (UK Astronomical Technology Center).
MIRI cryocooler imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa helium-wokwanira kudzaza pafupifupi mabuloni asanu ndi anayi a chipani-kunyamula kutentha kutali ndi zida zowunikira. heliamu yoziziritsa imatenga kutentha kwakukulu kuchokera ku chipikacho, kusunga kutentha kwa detector pansi pa 7 Kelvin. Mpweya wotentha (koma wozizira) umabwereranso ku compressor, kumene umatulutsa kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo kuzungulira kumayambanso.
Mapaipi omwe amanyamula helium amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopangidwa ndi golidi ndipo ndi ochepera pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a inchi (2.5 mm) m'mimba mwake. Amatalika pafupifupi mapazi 30 (10 metres) kuchokera ku kompresa yomwe ili m'dera la basi kupita ku chowunikira cha MIRI mu chinthu chowonera telesikopu chomwe chili kuseri kwa observatory's honeycomb chotchedwa "honeycomb" chotchedwa "Honeycomb" chotchedwa "honeycomb" cha DHardwable, cholumikizira magalasi oyambira, DHardwable, cholumikizira cholumikizira. madera awiri.Ikapakidwa kuti iyambike, DTA imapanikizidwa, pang'ono ngati pisitoni, kuti ithandizire kukhazikitsa choyang'anira chotchinga muchitetezo pamwamba pa rocket.Akakhala mumlengalenga, nsanjayo idzakulitsa kulekanitsa basi yamlengalenga yotentha yachipinda kuchokera ku zida zoziziritsa kukhosi za telescope ndikulola kuti sunshade ndi telesikopu zigwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira.
Makanema awa akuwonetsa kuphedwa koyenera kwa James Webb Space Telescope yotumiza maola ndi masiku pambuyo poyambitsa.Kukula kwa msonkhano wapakati wa nsanja womwe ukhoza kutumizidwa kudzawonjezera mtunda pakati pa magawo awiri a MIRI.Amalumikizidwa ndi machubu a helical okhala ndi helium yokhazikika.
Koma njira ya elongation imafuna kuti chubu cha helium chiwonjezeke ndi msonkhano wansanja wotambasulidwa.Choncho chubu chimazungulira ngati kasupe, chifukwa chake akatswiri a MIRI adatcha gawo ili la chubu "Slinky".
"Pali zovuta zina pogwira ntchito pazigawo zingapo zowonera," adatero Analyn Schneider, woyang'anira pulogalamu ya JPL MIRI. "Madera osiyanasiyanawa amatsogoleredwa ndi mabungwe kapena malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Northrop Grumman ndi Goddard Space Flight Center ya NASA ya US, tiyenera kulankhula ndi aliyense. Palibe zipangizo zina pa telescope zomwe zimayenera kutero, kotero ndizovuta zapadera kwa MIRI. Ndithudi wakhala mzere wautali kwa MIRI cryocoolers msewu, ndipo ife tiri okonzeka kuti tiwone izo mu danga. "
The James Webb Space Telescope idzakhazikitsidwa mu 2021 monga malo oyamba padziko lonse a sayansi ya zakuthambo.Webb idzamasula zinsinsi za mapulaneti athu ozungulira mapulaneti, kuyang'ana maiko akutali ozungulira nyenyezi zina, ndi kufufuza mapangidwe odabwitsa a chilengedwe chathu ndi malo athu.Webb ndi ndondomeko yapadziko lonse lapansi motsogozedwa ndi NASA ndi mabwenzi ake a Spacedina Agency ESA (European Spacedian Agency)
MIRI inapangidwa kudzera mu mgwirizano wa 50-50 pakati pa NASA ndi ESA (European Space Agency) .JPL imatsogolera khama la US ku MIRI, ndipo bungwe la mayiko osiyanasiyana la European astronomical institutes limathandiza ESA.George Rieke wa yunivesite ya Arizona ndi mtsogoleri wa gulu la sayansi la MIRI la MIRI.Gillian Wright ndi mkulu wa gulu la sayansi la MIRI ku Ulaya.
Alistair Glasse of ATC, UK is MIRI Instrument Scientist and Michael Ressler is US Project Scientist at JPL.Laszlo Tamas of the UK ATC is in charge of the European Union.The Development of the MIRI cryocooler was led and management by JPL in Cooperation with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, California, Revdondon Rev.