1. Nā ʻano:

• Ke Kū'ē ʻana i ka ʻAi ʻOle: Ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka oxidation a me ka corrosion ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
• Ikaika Kiʻekiʻe: Ikaika mīkini maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa.
• Ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia: Hana maʻalahi ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia.
• ʻIli Maʻemaʻe a Laumania: Kūpono no nā noi lapaʻau a me nā papa meaʻai.
• Ke Kū'ē Mahana: Hana maikaʻi i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me nā mahana haʻahaʻa

• 2. Ka Hoʻohui Kemika (% ma ke Kaumaha):

  ʻElemene	ʻIke (%)
  Chromium (Cr)	18.0–20.0
  Nikala (Ni)	8.0–10.5
  Kalapona (C)	≤0.08
  Manganese (Mn)	≤2.0
  Silika (Si)	≤1.0
  ʻO ka phosphorus (P)	≤0.045
  Sulfur (S)	≤0.03
  Hao (Fe)	Kaulike

  3. Nā Waiwai Kino:

  Waiwai	Waiwai
  Ka nui o ka paʻa	7.93 g/cm³
  Kiko Heheʻe	1400–1450°C
  Ka Hoʻokele Wela	16.2 W/m·K
  Ke kū'ē uila	0.72 μΩ·m
  Modulus o ka Elasticity	193 GPa

  4. Nā noi:

  • Nā Mea Lapaʻau: Nā nila hypodermic, nā mea hana ʻoki kino.
  • Hoʻohana ʻoihana: Ka mana wai kikoʻī, chromatography, nā mea ʻike.
  • Kaʻa a me ka mokulele: Nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokomo wahie, nā laina hydraulic.
  • Mea ʻAi a me Mea Inu: Hana ʻana i nā mea hana waiū, nā lako hana pia.
  • Nā Lako Hana Keʻena Hoʻokolohua: Hoʻoili wai maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe.

  Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻōmole capillary kila kila 304 ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa, kūpaʻa i ka pala, a me ka maʻalahi i nā wahi koi.

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