Alaab-qeybiyeyaasha ugu Sarreeya Shiinaha Birta aan kala go 'lahayn ee 201/304 /L/316/L Tuubo Wareeg ah oo aan kala go' lahayn
Ujeeddadeennu waa inaan macaamiisheenna u fulinno shirkad dahab ah, qiimo aad u wanaagsan iyo tayo sare leh oo loogu talagalay Alaab-qeybiyeyaasha ugu Sarreeya Shiinaha Birta aan Lahayn ee 201/304 /L/316/L Tuubo Wareeg ah oo aan Lahayn, Soo dhawoow si aad u dhisto xiriir ganacsi oo wanaagsan oo waara oo lala yeesho shirkaddayada si loo abuuro mustaqbal ammaan ah oo wadajir ah. Ku qanacsanaanta macaamiishu waa hiigsigayaga weligiis ah!
Ujeeddadeennu waa inaan macaamiisheenna u fulinno annagoo bixinayna shirkad dahab ah, qiimo aad u wanaagsan iyo tayo sare lehTuubada Laabista, Tube Qaab Shiinaha ahInkastoo aan fursad joogto ah haysanno, haddana waxaan xiriir saaxiibtinimo oo dhab ah la yeelannay ganacsato badan oo dibadda ah, sida kuwa ka yimaada Virginia. Waxaan si ammaan ah u qaadaneynaa in badeecadaha mashiinka daabacaadda shaadhka ay badanaa wanaagsan yihiin maadaama ay leeyihiin tayo wanaagsan iyo kharash badan.
Tuubo dhalaalin bir ah oo 304 ah:
tuubo gariiradda ah oo aan lahayn bir
gariiradda tuubo bir ah oo aan lahayn bir
tuubo bir ah oo aan lahayn bir
tuubo bir ah oo aan lahayn tuubo
alaab-qeybiyeyaasha tuubooyinka gariiradda birta ah
soosaarayaasha tuubooyinka gariiradda birta ah
gariiradda tuubo bir ah oo aan lahayn bir
Guryaha Guud
Daawaha 304Lbir aan miridh lahayn oo taxane ah oo T-300 ah, kaas oo leh ugu yaraan 18% chromium iyo 8% nikkel. Nooca 304L wuxuu leeyahay ugu badnaan kaarboon waa 0.030. Waa "18/8 aan miridh lahayn" caadiga ah oo badanaa laga helo digsiyada iyo qalabka wax lagu karsado. Alloys 304L waa birta ugu badan uguna isticmaalka badan qoyska birta aan miridh lahayn. Ku habboon noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo guryaha iyo ganacsiga ah, Alloys 304L waxay muujisaa iska caabin daxaleed oo aad u fiican waxayna leedahay fududayn sare oo wax lagu sameeyo, qaab-dhismeed heer sare ah. Biraha aan miridh lahayn ee austenitic waxaa sidoo kale loo arkaa inay yihiin kuwa ugu alxanka badan birta birta ah ee sare waxaana lagu alxan karaa dhammaan hababka isku-dhafka iyo iska caabbinta alxanka.
Tilmaamaha: UNS S30403
Codsiyada:
Birta aan lahayn birta ee Alloy 304L waxaa loo isticmaalaa codsiyo badan oo guryaha iyo ganacsiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan:
Qalabka farsamaynta cuntada, gaar ahaan sameynta biirka, farsamaynta caanaha, iyo sameynta khamriga
Kuraasta jikada, saxanka, weelasha, qalabka, iyo qalabka
Naqshadeynta dhismaha iyo qaabaynta
Isticmaalka qaab-dhismeedka baabuurta iyo hawada sare
Qalabka dhismaha ee dhismayaasha waaweyn
Weelasha kiimikada, oo ay ku jiraan gaadiidka
Beddelayaasha kulaylka
Lawska, boolal, boolal, iyo qalab kale oo lagu xidho deegaanka badda
Warshadaha midabaynta
Shaashado tolmo leh ama la alxamay oo loogu talagalay qodista, qodista iyo shaandhaynta biyaha
Heerarka:
ASTM/ASME: S30403
EURONORM: 1.4303
AFNOR: Z2 CN 18.10
DIN: X2 CrNi 19 11
Iska caabbinta Daxalka:
Iska caabbinta daxalka ee deegaannada oksaydhaynta ayaa ka dhalatay 18 ilaa 19% chromium oo ay ku jiraan 304 alloys.
Iska caabbinta asiidhyada dabiiciga ah ee dhexdhexaadka ah waa natiijo ka dhalatay nikkel 9 ilaa 11% ah oo ay ku jiraan walxaha 304.
Mararka qaar, dahaarka 304L wuxuu muujin karaa heer daxal oo ka hooseeya kan kaarboonka Alloy 304 ee sare; haddii kale, 304, 304L, iyo 304H waxaa loo tixgelin karaa inay si isku mid ah uga shaqeeyaan inta badan deegaannada daxalka.
Daawaha 304L waxaa loo doorbidayaa in loogu isticmaalo deegaannada si ku filan u daxalaysan si uu u keeno daxalka isku-dhafka ah ee alxanka iyo aagagga kulaylka saameeya ee daawaha u nugul.
Iska caabbinta Kulaylka:
Iska caabin oksaydh oo wanaagsan marka la isticmaalo si joogto ah ilaa 1600°F iyo adeeg joogto ah ilaa 1690°F.
Isticmaalka joogtada ah ee 304 ee heerka 800-1580°F laguma talinayo haddii iska caabbinta daxalka biyaha ee xiga ay muhiim tahay.
Heerka 304L wuxuu u adkaystaa roobabka carbide-ka waxaana lagu kululayn karaa heerkulka kor ku xusan.
Guryaha 304 Daawaha
Astaamaha alxanka:
Sifooyin alxan oo aad u fiican; daminta alxanka ka dib looma baahna marka la alxanayo qaybaha khafiifka ah. Laba tixgelin oo muhiim ah marka la soo saarayo kala-goysyada alxanka ee biraha aan miridhku lahayn ee austenitic waa:
ilaalinta iska caabbinta daxalka
ka fogaanshaha dildilaaca
Habaynta - Samaynta Kulul:
Si loo shido, ku kululee midaysanaanta 2100 / 2300 ° F
Ha ku shubin heerkul ka hooseeya 1700 °F
Samaynta foornooyinka hawada ayaa lagu qaboojin karaa iyada oo aan khatar u lahayn dildilaaca
Habaynta - Samaynta Qabow:
Qaab-dhismeedkeeda austenitic wuxuu u oggolaanayaa inuu si qoto dheer u jiito iyada oo aan la dhex gelin qaboojiye dhexdhexaad ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa tan heerka birta aan miridhku lahayn ee la doorto marka la samaynayo saxannada, weelasha godan iyo digsiyada.
Darajooyinkani si dhakhso ah ayay u adkaadaan. Si loo yareeyo walbahaarka ka dhasha qaab-dhismeedka daran ama wareegga, qaybaha waa in si buuxda loo daboolaa ama la damiyaa cadaadiska sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ka dib marka la sameeyo.
Mashiinka:
Waxaa lagula talinayaa isticmaalka jajabiyeyaasha jajabka maadaama jajabku uu noqon karo mid adag. Shaqada birta aan miridhku lahayn si dhakhso ah ayay u adkaataa, quudin culus oo togan, qalab fiiqan, iyo habayn adag waa in la isticmaalaa. Laga jaro lakabka shaqada adag ee ka dhashay baasaskii hore.
Sifooyinka Kiimikada:
| C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | N | |
| 304L | 0.03 ugu badnaan | 2.0 ugu badnaan | 0.75 ugu badnaan | 0.45 ugu badnaan | 0.03 ugu badnaan | ugu yaraan: 18.0 ugu badnaan: 20.0 | ugu yaraan: 8.0 ugu badnaan: 12.0 | 0.10 ugu badnaan |
Sifooyinka Farsamada:
| Fasal | Xoogga jiidista ksi (daqiiqad) | Xoog Wax-soo-saar 0.2% ksi (daqiiqad) | Kordhinta % | Adkaanta (Brinell) MAX | Adkaanta (Rockwell B) MAX |
| 304L | 70 | 25 | 40 | 201 | 92 |
Sifooyinka Jirka:
| Cufnaanta lbm/gudaha3 | Qaboojinta Kulaylka (BTU/saacaddii ft. °F) | Koronto Iska caabin (x 10)-6) | Modulus-ka Dabacsanaanta (psi x 10)6 | Isku-darka Ballaarinta Kulaylka (gudaha/gudaha)/ °F x 10-6 | Kulayl Gaar ah (BTU/lb/ °F) | Dhalaalaya Kala duwanaanshaha (°F) |
| heerkulka 68°F: 0.285 | 9.4 heerkulka 212°F | 28.3 heerkulka 68°F | 28 | 9.4 heerkulka 32 – 212°F | 0.1200 marka la gaaro 68°F ilaa 212°F | 2500 ilaa 2590 |
| 12.4 heerkulka 932°F | 39.4 heerkulka 752°F | 10.2 heerkulka 32 – 1000°F | ||||
| 49.6 heerkulka 1652 °F | 10.4 heerkulka 32 – 1500°F |
Faahfaahinta:
Shayga: tuubo bir ah oo aan bir lahayn
Nooca: alxan ama aan tolnayn
Heerka: ASTM A554 JIS, DIN
Darajada: 201, 202, 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 409, 430, iwm.
Cabbirka: Tuubo wareegsan: OD 8-219m
Tuubo laba jibbaaran: OD 10x10mm -150x150mm
Tuubada leydiga: 10x20mm ilaa 120x180mm
Dhumucda: 0.2-4.0mm
Dusha sare ee tuubada:180G, 320G, 400G, 500G, 600G, Satin, timo-jaraha, 2B, BA, muraayad, 8K
Dhererka tuubada: 5.8m 6M 11.85M 12m
Codsiga:
1. Isticmaalka Qurxinta (waddada, biriishka gacanta ee buundada, birta, joogsiga baska, garoonka diyaaradaha iyo jimicsiga
2. Dhismaha iyo qurxinta
3. Aagga warshadaha (batrool, cunto, kiimiko, warqad, bacrimin, dhar, duuliye iyo nukliyeer.
| Tuubo Bir ah oo laba jibbaaran (mm) | Tube Bir ah oo leydi ah (mm) | Tube Bir ah oo wareegsan (mm) |
| 10 × 10 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 10 × 20 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 6 × 0.6 ~ 1.0 |
| 15 × 15 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 20 × 30 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 12 × 0.6 ~ 1.5 |
| 20 × 20 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 20 × 40 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 13 × 0.6 ~ 1.5 |
| 25 × 25 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 | 25 × 50 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 | 16 × 0.6 ~ 2.0 |
| 30 × 30 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 | 30 × 50 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 | 19 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 40 × 40 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 | 40 × 60 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 | 20 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 50 × 50 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 | 40 × 80 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 | 22 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 60×60×0.6~3.5 | 60×80×1.0~6.0 | 25 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 70×70×0.6~3.5 | 50 × 100 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 | 27 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 75×75×0.6~3.5 | 60 × 120 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 | 32 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 80 × 80 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 | 80 × 120 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 40 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 |
| 100 × 100 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 80 × 160 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 38 × 0.6 ~ 3.0 |
| 120 × 120 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 100 × 150 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 48 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 |
| 150 × 150 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 100 × 200 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 60 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 |
| 200 × 200 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 150 × 250 × 4.0 ~ 12.0 | 76 × 0.6 ~ 3.5 |
| 250 × 250 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 200 × 300 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 89 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 |
| 300 × 300 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 300 × 400 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 104 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 |
| 400 × 400 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 300 × 500 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 114 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 |
Sifooyinka jireed ee tuubooyinka birta aan miridhku lahayn:
| Fasal | Halabuurka, % | |||||||||
| Kaarboon, | Manga- | Fos- | baaruud, | Silikoon, | Nikkel | Chromium | Molybdenum | Titanium | Columbium + Tantalum | |
| Austenitic | ||||||||||
| 301 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 6.0–8.0 | 16.0–18.0 | … | … | … |
| 302 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–10.0 | 17.0–19.0 | … | … | … |
| 304 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–11.0 | 18.0–20.0 | … | … | … |
| 304L | 0.035A | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–13.0 | 18.0–20.0 | … | … | … |
| 305 | 0.12 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–13.0 | 17.0–19.0 | … | … | … |
| 309S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 12.0–15.0 | 22.0–24.0 | … | … | ... |
| 309S-Cb | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 12.0–15.0 | 22.0–24.0 | … | … | B |
| 310S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 19.0–22.0 | 24.0–26.0 | … | … | … |
| 316 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–14.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 2.0–3.0 | … | … |
| 316L | 0.035A | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–15.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 2.0–3.0 | … | … |
| 317 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 11.0–14.0 | 18.0–20.0 | 3.0–4.0 | … | … |
| 321 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 9.0–13.0 | 17.0–20.0 | … | C | … |
| 330 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 33.0–36.0 | 14.0–16.0 | … | … | … |
| 347 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 9.0–13.0 | 17.0–20.0 | … | … | B |
| 429 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.50 ugu badnaan | 14.0–16.0 | … | … | … |
| 430 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.50 ugu badnaan | 16.0–18.0 | … | … | … |
| 430-Ti | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | ugu badnaan 0.075 | 16.0–19.5 | … | 5 × C ugu yaraan, | … |
| 0.75 ugu badnaan | ||||||||||
▼Tuubbo duuban oo bir aan miridh lahayn/tuubbo duuban oo heer walax ah:
| Mareykanka | JARAMALKA | JARAMALKA | FARAANSIIS | JAPAN | TALYAANI | ISWIIDHAN | UK | Midowga Yurub | ISPAIN | RUUSHKA |
| AISI | DIN 17006 | WN 17007 | AFNOR | JIS | UNI | SIS | BSI | EURONORM | ||
| 201 | SUS 201 | |||||||||
| 301 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | 1.4310 | Z 12 CN 17-07 | SUS 301 | X 12 CrNi 1707 | 23 31 | 301S21 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | X 12 CrNi 17-07 | |
| 302 | X 5 CrNi 18 7 | 1.4319 | Z 10 CN 18-09 | SUS 302 | X 10 CrNi 1809 | 23 31 | 302S25 | X 10 CrNi 18 9 | X 10 CrNi 18-09 | 12KH18N9 |
| 303 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | 1.4305 | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 23 46 | 303S21 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | |
| 303 Se | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 Se | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 303S41 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | 12KH18N10E | ||||
| 304 | X 5 CrNi 18 10 X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 1.4301 1.4303 | Z 6 CN 18-09 | SUS 304 | X 5 CrNi 1810 | 23 32 | 304S15 304S16 | X 6 CrNi 18 10 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | 08KH18N10 06KH18N11 |
| 304 N | SUS 304N1 | X 5 CrNiN 1810 | ||||||||
| 304 H | SUS F 304H | X 8 CrNi 1910 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | |||||||
| 304 L | X 2 CrNi 18 11 | 1.4306 | Z 2 CN 18-10 | SUS 304L | X 2 CrNi 1911 | 23 52 | 304S11 | X 3 CrNi 18 10 | X 2 CrNi 19-10 | 03KH18N11 |
| X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 1.4311 | Z 2 CN 18-10-Az | SUS 304LN | X 2 CrNiN 1811 | 23 71 | |||||
| 305 | Z 8 CN 18-12 | SUS 305 | X 8 CrNi 1812 | 23 33 | 305S19 | X 8 CrNi 18 12 | X 8 CrNi 18-12 | |||
| Z 6 CNU 18-10 | SUS XM7 | X 6 CrNiCu 18 10 4 Kd | ||||||||
| 309 | X 15 CrNiS 20 12 | 1.4828 | Z 15 CN 24-13 | SUH 309 | X 16 CrNi 2314 | 309S24 | X 15 CrNi 23 13 | |||
| 309 S | SUS 309S | X 6 CrNi 2314 | X 6 CrNi 22 13 | |||||||
| 310 | X 12 CrNi 25 21 | 1.4845 | SUH 310 | X 22 CrNi 2520 | 310S24 | 20KH23N18 | ||||
| 310 S | X 12 CrNi 25 20 | 1.4842 | Z 12 CN 25-20 | SUS 310S | X 5 CrNi 2520 | 23 61 | X 6 CrNi 25 20 | 10KH23N18 | ||
| 314 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 1.4841 | Z 12 CNS 25-20 | X 16 CrNiSi 2520 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 20KH25N20S2 | ||||
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | 1.4401 | Z 6 CND 17-11 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 47 | 316S31 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | 1.4436 | Z 6 CND 17-12 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 43 | 316S33 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 F | X 12 CrNiMoS 18 11 | 1.4427 | ||||||||
| 316 N | SUS 316N | |||||||||
| 316 H | SUS F 316H | X 8 CrNiMo 1712 | X 5 CrNiMo 17-12 | |||||||
| 316 H | X 8 CrNiMo 1713 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | ||||||||
| 316 L | X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2 | 1.4404 | Z 2 CND 17-12 | SUS 316L | X 2 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 48 | 316S11 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH17N14M2 |
| X 2 CrNiMoN 17 12 2 | 1.4406 | Z 2 CND 17-12-Az | SUS 316LN | X 2 CrNiMoN 1712 | ||||||
| 316 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 | 1.4435 | Z 2 CND 17-13 | X 2 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 53 | 316S13 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH16N15M3 | |
| X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 3 | 1.4429 | Z 2 CND 17-13-Az | X 2 CrNiMoN 1713 | 23 75 | ||||||
| X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | 1.4571 | Z6 CNDT 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1712 | 23 50 | 320S31 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||
| X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 12 | 1.4573 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1713 | 320S33 | X 6 CrNiMoTI 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||||
| X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 1.4580 | Z 6 CNDNb 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1712 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 08KH16N13M2B | |||||
| X 10 CrNiMoNb 18 12 | 1.4583 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1713 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 13 3 | 09KH16N15M3B | ||||||
| 317 | SUS 317 | X 5 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 66 | 317S16 | ||||||
| 317 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 317 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1816 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 330 | X 12 NiCrSi 36 16 | 1.4864 | Z 12NCS 35-16 | SUH 330 | ||||||
| 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 X 12 CrNiTi 18 9 | 1.4541 1.4878 | Z 6 CNT 18-10 | SUS 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 1811 | 23 37 | 321S31 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 | X 6 CrNiTi 18-11 | 08KH18N10T |
| 321 H | SUS 321H | X 8 CrNiTi 1811 | 321S20 | X 7 CrNiTi 18-11 | 12KH18N10T | |||||
| 329 | X 8 CrNiMo 27 5 | 1.4460 | SUS 329J1 | 23 24 | ||||||
| 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | 1.4550 | Z 6 CNNb 18-10 | SUS 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 1811 | 23 38 | 347S31 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | X 6 CrNiNb 18-11 | 08KH18N12B |
| 347 H | SUS F 347H | X 8 CrNiNb 1811 | X 7 CrNiNb 18-11 | |||||||
| 904L | 1.4939 | Z 12 CNDV 12-02 | ||||||||
| X 20 CrNiSi 25 4 | 1.4821 | |||||||||
| UNS31803 | X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 | 1.4462 | ||||||||
| UNS32760 | X 3 CrNiMoN 25 7 | 1.4501 | Z 3 CND 25-06Az | |||||||
| 403 | X 6 Cr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1,4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 12 C 13 | SUS 403 | X 12 Cr 13 | 23 02 | 403S17 | X 10 Cr 13 X 12 Cr 13 | X 6 Cr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 1.4002 | Z 6 CA 13 | SUS 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405S17 | X 6 CrAl 13 | X 6 CrAl 13 | ||
| X 10 CrAl 7 | 1.4713 | Z 8 CA 7 | X 10 CrAl 7 | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 13 | 1.4724 | X 10 CrAl 12 | 10Kh13SYu | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 18 | 1.4742 | X 10 CrSiAl 18 | 15Kh18SYu | |||||||
| 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 1.4512 | Z 6 CT 12 | SUH 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 409S19 | X 5 CrTi 12 | |||
| X 2 CrTi 12 | ||||||||||
| 410 | X 6 Cr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1,4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 10 C 13 Z 12 C 13 | SUS 410 | X 12 Cr 13 | 23 02 | 410S21 | X 12 Cr 13 | X 12 Cr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 410 S | X 6 Cr 13 | 1,4000 | Z 6 C 13 | SUS 410S | X 6 Cr 13 | 23 01 | 403S17 | X 6 Cr 13 | 08Kh13 |
Warshadda
Faa'iidada tayada:
Tayada alaabtayada ee khadka xakamaynta ee waaxda saliidda iyo gaaska waxaa la hubiyaa ma aha oo kaliya inta lagu jiro habka wax soo saarka ee la xakameeyey laakiin sidoo kale iyada oo loo marayo tijaabinta alaabta la dhammeeyey. Tijaabooyinka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:
1. Tijaabooyin aan wax burburin ah lahayn
2. Tijaabooyinka Hydrostatic-ka
3. Xakamaynta dhammaystirka dusha sare
4. Cabbiraadaha saxnaanta cabbirka
5. Tijaabooyinka gubashada iyo isku-dhafka
6. Tijaabinta hantida farsamada iyo kiimikada
Tuubada caillary ee codsiga
1) Warshadaha qalabka caafimaadka
2) xakamaynta heerkulka warshadaha ee hagaya heerkulka, dareemayaasha la isticmaalay tuubo, heerkulbeegga tuubada
3) Tuubada dhexe ee warshadaha daryeelka qalimaannada
4) anteeno tuubo yar yar, noocyo kala duwan oo anteeno bir ah oo aan miridh lahayn oo sax ah
5) Iyada oo leh noocyo kala duwan oo ah dhexroor yar oo elektaroonik ah oo bir ah oo aan lahayn bir
6) Feer irbad dahab ah
7) Saacado, sawir
8) Tuubada anteenada baabuurta, anteenooyinka baarka oo isticmaalaya tuubooyinka, tuubada anteenada
9) Qalabka xardho laysarka si loo isticmaalo tuubo bir ah oo aan lahayn daxal
10) Qalabka kalluumeysiga, agabka, Yugan oo haysta
11) Cunto leh xidid bir ah oo aan miridh lahayn
12) dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee stylus-ka taleefanka gacanta iyo stylus-ka kombiyuutarka
13) Warshadaha tuubooyinka kululaynta, warshadaha saliidda
14) Daabacayaasha, irbad sanduuq aamusan
15) Jiid tuubo bir ah oo aan daxal lahayn oo labanlaab ah oo loo isticmaalo daaqadaha isku xiran
16) Noocyo kala duwan oo ah tuubooyin bir ah oo aan miridh lahayn oo dhexroor yar leh
17) Saarista saxda ah ee irbadaha birta aan miridhku lahayn
18) Makarafoon, sameecadaha dhegaha iyo makarafoonka si loogu isticmaalo tuubo bir ah oo aan miridh lahayn, iwm.















