Tuubo Biyo-qaboojiye ah oo qabow oo aan kala go 'lahayn oo Shiinaha laga iibiyo ASME SA192
Runtii waa hab wanaagsan oo lagu kobciyo alaabadayada iyo xalalkayaga iyo dayactirka. Hadafkayagu waa inuu noqdo inaan soo saarno alaab iyo xalal hal-abuur leh macaamiisha iyadoo la adeegsanayo khibrad shaqo oo cajiib ah oo loogu talagalay Hot-selling China ASME SA192 Cold Drawn Boiler Tube Tube oo aan lahayn bir, Shirkaddayadu waxay u huraysay "macaamiishaas marka hore" waxayna ka go'an tahay inay ka caawiso macaamiisha inay ballaariyaan ururkooda, si ay u noqdaan Madaxa Weyn!
Runtii waa hab wanaagsan oo lagu kobciyo alaabadayada iyo xalalkayaga iyo dayactirka. Hadafkayagu waa inuu noqdaa inaan macaamiisha u soo saarno alaab iyo xalal hal-abuur leh oo loogu talagalay iyagoo adeegsanaya waayo-aragnimo shaqo oo cajiib ahTuubo Kuleyliye Bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn oo Shiinaha ASME SA192 ah, Tuubo kuleyliye bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn SA789Waxaan bilaabi doonnaa wejiga labaad ee istaraatiijiyadeenna horumarinta. Shirkaddayadu waxay u aragtaa "qiimo macquul ah, waqti wax soo saar hufan iyo adeeg wanaagsan oo iibka kadib ah" mabda'ayada. Haddii aad xiisaynayso mid ka mid ah alaabtayada ama aad rabto inaad ka hadasho dalab gaar ah, xasuuso inaad xor u tahay inaad nala soo xiriirto. Waxaan rajeyneynaa inaan xiriir ganacsi oo guuleysta la yeelanno macaamiisha cusub ee adduunka oo dhan mustaqbalka dhow.
Kala duwanaanshaha wax soo saarka:
tuubo gariiradda ah oo aan lahayn bir
gariiradda tuubo bir ah oo aan lahayn bir
tuubo bir ah oo aan lahayn bir
tuubo bir ah oo aan lahayn tuubo
alaab-qeybiyeyaasha tuubooyinka gariiradda birta ah
soosaarayaasha tuubooyinka gariiradda birta ah
gariiradda tuubo bir ah oo aan lahayn bir
Tuubo yar oo bir ah oo aan lahayn bir, tuubo bir ah oo aan lahayn bir ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa daaweynta caafimaadka, fiber-optic, sameynta qalinka, alaabada alxanka elektarooniga ah, isku-xidhka fiilada fudud, cuntada, kuwa hore, caanaha, cabitaanka, farmashiyaha iyo bayoolaji, dherer kala duwan ayaa la bixin karaa iyadoo loo eegayo codsiyada
Tuubooyinka xididdada dhiigga leh oo leh god ugu badan oo ah 0.0158 inji, oo laga heli karo noocyo badan oo bir ah oo aan miridh lahayn. Tuubooyinka xididdada dhiigga ee Sandvik waxaa lagu gartaa dulqaad adag, dusha sare ee tuubooyinkana waa ka xor ah saliid, dufan iyo walxo kale. Tani waxay hubinaysaa, tusaale ahaan, socodka dareeraha iyo gaasaska ee la hagaajiyay oo siman laga bilaabo dareemaha ilaa qalabka cabbiraadda.
Tuubooyinka birta aan lahayn ee la duubay waxaa laga heli karaa noocyo kala duwan oo alaab ah iyadoo ku xiran shuruudaha macaamiisha. Qalabka birta aan lahayn ee Licancheng sihe wuxuu soo saaraa alaabada tuubooyinka la alxamay iyo kuwa aan lahayn. Darajooyinka caadiga ah waa 304 304L 316L (UNS S31603) Duplex 2205 (UNS S32205 & S31803) Super Duplex 2507 (UNS S32750) Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825) Inconel 625 (UNS N06625) Darajooyinka kale ee birta aan lahayn ee duplex iyo superduplex iyo nickel alloy ayaa la heli karaa marka la codsado.
Dhexroorka laga bilaabo 3mm (0.118'') ilaa 25.4mm (1.00'') OD. Dhumucda derbiga laga bilaabo 0.5mm (0.020'') ilaa 3mm (0.118''). Tuubooyinka waxaa lagu bixin karaa xaalad tuubooyin bir ah oo aan miridh lahayn oo la qalajiyey ama qabow.
316 Halabuurka Kiimikada Birta Aan Daxalka Ahayn
| Fasal | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N | |
| 316 | ugu yaraan. | - | - | - | - | 16.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 10.0 | - | |
| ugu badnaan. | 0.035 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 18.0 | 14.0 | - | ||
Birta aan lahayn 316 Sifooyinka Farsamada
| Fasal | Xoogga Garaacista (MPa) ugu yaraan | Xoog Wax-soo-saar 0.2% Caddayn (MPa) ugu yaraan | Kordhinta (% 50mm) ugu yaraan | Adkaanta | |
| ugu badnaan Rockwell B (HR B) | Brinell (HB) ugu badan | ||||
| 316 | 515 | 205 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
Astaamaha Jirka ee Birta Aan Daxalka Lahayn 316
| Fasal | Cufnaanta (kg/m3) | Modulus Lalab ah (GPa) | Celceliska Isku-darka Ballaarinta Kulaylka (m/m/0C) | Qaboojinta Kulaylka (W/mK) | Kulayl Gaar ah 0-1000C (J/kg.K) | Iska caabinta Korontada (nm) | |||
| 0-1000C | 0-3150C | 0-5380C | heerkul ah 1000C | heerkul ah 5000C | |||||
| 316 | 7750 | 200 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 17.0 | 14.2 | 18.7 | 500 | 720 |
Bir aan miridh lahayn 316 u dhiganta
Darajooyinka u dhigma ee 316 Bir aan miridh lahayn
| Heerka Caadiga ah | WERKSTOFF NR. | Qaramada Midoobay | JIS | BS | GOST | AFNOR | EN |
| SS 316 | 1.4401 / 1.4436 | S31600 | SUS 316 | 316S31 / 316S33 | - | Z7CND17‐11‐02 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 / X3CrNiMo17-13-3 |
Faahfaahinta
| Summada | Liaocheng Sihe Birta Aan Lahayn |
| Dhumucda | 0.1-2.0mm |
| Dhexroorka | 0.3-20mm (dulqaad: ±0.01mm) |
| Fasalka Daxalka ah | 201,202,304,304L,316L,317L,321,310s,254mso,904L,2205,625 iwm. |
| Dhammaadka Dusha Sare | gudaha iyo dibaddaba waa kuwo dhalaalaya oo nadiifin ah, oo aan lahayn wax daadasho ah. |
| Heerka Caadiga ah | ASTM A269-2002.JIS G4305/ GB/T 12770-2002GB/T12771-2002 |
| Dhererka | 200-1500m gariirad kasta, ama sida macaamiisha loogu baahan yahay |
| Cabbirka kaydka | 6*1mm, 8*0.5mm, 8*0.6mm, 8*0.8mm, 8*0.9mm, 8*1mm, 9.5*1mm, 10*1mm, iwm.. |
| Shahaadada | ISO&BV |
| Habka xirxirida | Bacaha la tolay, bacaha balaastikada ah iwm. |
| Kala duwanaanta Codsiga | si weyn ayaa loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha cuntada, qalabka cabitaanka, mashiinka biirka, qalabka lagu beddelo kulaylka, nidaamka bixinta caanaha/biyaha, qalabka caafimaadka tamarta qorraxda, qalabka caafimaadka, duulista hawada, hawada sare, isgaarsiinta, saliidda iyo warshadaha kale |
| Fiiro gaar ah | Summada OEM / ODM / Iibsadaha waa la aqbalayaa. |
| Cabbirka Tuubada Birta ah ee aan lahayn | ||||||||||||||||
| SHAYGA | Fasal | Cabbirka | Cadaadis | Dhererka | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/8″×0.025″ | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 2 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/8″×0.035″ | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 3 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/4″×0.035″ | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 4 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/4″×0.049″ | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | 3/8″×0.035″ | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 6 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | 3/8″×0.049″ | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 7 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/2″×0.049″ | 1000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 8 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/2″×0.065″ | 1000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 9 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | φ3mm × 0.7mm | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 10 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | φ3mm × 0.9mm | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 11 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | φ4mm × 0.9mm | 3000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 12 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | φ4mm × 1.1mm | 3000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 13 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | φ6mm × 0.9mm | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 14 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | φ6mm × 1.1mm | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 15 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | φ8mm × 1mm | 1800 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 16 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | φ8mm × 1.2mm | 1800 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 17 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | φ10mm × 1mm | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 18 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | φ10mm × 1.2mm | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 19 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | φ10mm × 2mm | 500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 20 | 316L, 304L, 304 dahaar 625 825 2205 2507 | φ12mm × 1.5mm | 500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| Miisaska cadaadiska | ||||||||||||||||
| Xulashada agabka ku habboon ee khadadka xakamaynta ama duritaanka kiimikada ee la bixiyay waxay ku xiran tahay xaaladaha hawlgalka iyo goobta ee jira. Si loo caawiyo xulashada, jaantusyada soo socda waxay bixiyaan qiimeyn cadaadis gudaha ah iyo arrimaha hagaajinta ee heerarka caadiga ah iyo cabbirrada tuubooyinka aan kala go 'lahayn iyo kuwa laysarka lagu alxamo. | ||||||||||||||||
| Cadaadiska ugu badan (P) ee TP 316L ee 100°F (38°C)1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fadlan hoos ka eeg qodobbada hagaajinta darajada iyo foomka badeecada. | ||||||||||||||||
| Dhexroorka dibadda, gudaha. | Dhumucda derbiga, gudaha. | Cadaadiska shaqada2) | Cadaadiska qaraxa2) | Burburi cadaadiska4) | ||||||||||||
| psi (MPa) | psi (MPa) | psi (MPa) | ||||||||||||||
| 1/4 | 0.035 | 6,600 (46) | 22,470 (155) | 6,600 (46) | ||||||||||||
| 1/4 | 0.049 | 9,260 (64) | 27,400 (189) | 8,710 (60) | ||||||||||||
| 1/4 | 0.065 | 12,280 (85) | 34,640 (239) | 10,750 (74) | ||||||||||||
| 3/8 | 0.035 | 4,410 (30) | 19,160 (132) | 4,610 (32) | ||||||||||||
| 3/8 | 0.049 | 6,170 (43) | 21,750 (150) | 6,220 (43) | ||||||||||||
| 3/8 | 0.065 | 8,190 (56) | 25,260 (174) | 7,900 (54) | ||||||||||||
| 3/8 | 0.083 | 10,450 (72) | 30,050 (207) | 9,570 (66) | ||||||||||||
| 1/2 | 0.049 | 4,630 (32) | 19,460 (134) | 4,820 (33) | ||||||||||||
| 1/2 | 0.065 | 6,140 (42) | 21,700 (150) | 6,200 (43) | ||||||||||||
| 1/2 | 0.083 | 7,840 (54) | 24,600 (170) | 7,620 (53) | ||||||||||||
| 5/8 | 0.049 | 3,700 (26) | 18,230 (126) | 3,930 (27) | ||||||||||||
| 5/8 | 0.065 | 4,900 (34) | 19,860 (137) | 5,090 (35) | ||||||||||||
| 5/8 | 0.083 | 6,270 (43) | 26,910 (151) | 6,310 (44) | ||||||||||||
| 3/4 | 0.049 | 3,080 (21) | 17,470 (120) | 3,320 (23) | ||||||||||||
| 3/4 | 0.065 | 4,090 (28) | 18,740 (129) | 4,310 (30) | ||||||||||||
| 3/4 | 0.083 | 5,220 (36) | 20,310 (140) | 5,380 (37) | ||||||||||||
| 1) Qiyaasaha oo keliya. Cadaadiska dhabta ah waa in la xisaabiyaa iyadoo la tixgelinayo dhammaan arrimaha walaaca ee nidaamka. | ||||||||||||||||
| 2) Iyada oo lagu saleynayo xisaabinta API 5C3, iyadoo la adeegsanayo dulqaad darbi ah oo ah +/-10% | ||||||||||||||||
| 3) Iyada oo ku saleysan xisaabinta xoogga ugu dambeysa ee burburka API 5C3 | ||||||||||||||||
| 4) Iyada oo ku saleysan xisaabinta burburka xoogga wax soo saarka ee ka timid API 5C3 | ||||||||||||||||
| Arrimaha hagaajinta ee xaddidaadaha cadaadiska shaqada1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Pw = qiimeynta cadaadiska shaqada ee tixraaca ee TP 316L ee 100°F (38°C). Si loo go'aamiyo cadaadiska shaqada ee isku-darka heerka/heerkulka, ku dhufo Pw iyadoo loo eegayo qodobka hagaajinta. | ||||||||||||||||
| Fasal | 100°F | 200°F | 300°F | 400°F | ||||||||||||
| (38)°C) | (93)°C) | (149)°C) | (204)°C) | |||||||||||||
| TP 316L, oo aan kala go 'lahayn | 1 | 0.87 | 0.7 | 0.63 | ||||||||||||
| TP 316L, oo la alxamay | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.6 | 0.54 | ||||||||||||
| Daawaha 825, oo aan kala go 'lahayn | 1.33 | 1.17 | 1.1 | 1.03 | ||||||||||||
| Daawaha 825, oo la alxamay | 1.13 | 1.99 | 1.94 | 0.88 | ||||||||||||
| 1) Arrimaha hagaajinta oo ku salaysan cadaadiska la oggol yahay ee ASME. | ||||||||||||||||
| Arrimaha hagaajinta ee xadka cadaadiska qarxa1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Pb = cadaadiska qaraxa tixraaca ee TP 316L ee 100°F. Si loo go'aamiyo cadaadiska qaraxa ee isku-darka heerka/heerkulka, ku dhufo Pb iyadoo loo eegayo qodobka hagaajinta. | ||||||||||||||||
| Fasal | 100°F | 200°F | 300°F | 400°F | ||||||||||||
| (38)°C) | (93)°C) | (149)°C) | (204)°C) | |||||||||||||
| TP 316L, oo aan kala go 'lahayn | 1 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||
| TP 316L, oo la alxamay | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.68 | ||||||||||||
| Daawaha 825, oo aan kala go 'lahayn | 1.13 | 1.07 | 1 | 0.87 | ||||||||||||
| Daawaha 825, oo la alxamay | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.74 | ||||||||||||
| 1) Arrimaha hagaajinta oo ku salaysan xoogga ugu dambeeya ee ASME. | ||||||||||||||||
▼Tuubbo duuban oo bir aan miridh lahayn/tuubbo duuban oo heer walax ah:
| Mareykanka | JARAMALKA | JARAMALKA | FARAANSIIS | JAPAN | TALYAANI | ISWIIDHAN | UK | Midowga Yurub | ISPAIN | RUUSHKA |
| AISI | DIN 17006 | WN 17007 | AFNOR | JIS | UNI | SIS | BSI | EURONORM | ||
| 201 | SUS 201 | |||||||||
| 301 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | 1.4310 | Z 12 CN 17-07 | SUS 301 | X 12 CrNi 1707 | 23 31 | 301S21 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | X 12 CrNi 17-07 | |
| 302 | X 5 CrNi 18 7 | 1.4319 | Z 10 CN 18-09 | SUS 302 | X 10 CrNi 1809 | 23 31 | 302S25 | X 10 CrNi 18 9 | X 10 CrNi 18-09 | 12KH18N9 |
| 303 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | 1.4305 | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 23 46 | 303S21 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | |
| 303 Se | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 Se | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 303S41 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | 12KH18N10E | ||||
| 304 | X 5 CrNi 18 10 X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 1.4301 1.4303 | Z 6 CN 18-09 | SUS 304 | X 5 CrNi 1810 | 23 32 | 304S15 304S16 | X 6 CrNi 18 10 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | 08KH18N10 06KH18N11 |
| 304 N | SUS 304N1 | X 5 CrNiN 1810 | ||||||||
| 304 H | SUS F 304H | X 8 CrNi 1910 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | |||||||
| 304 L | X 2 CrNi 18 11 | 1.4306 | Z 2 CN 18-10 | SUS 304L | X 2 CrNi 1911 | 23 52 | 304S11 | X 3 CrNi 18 10 | X 2 CrNi 19-10 | 03KH18N11 |
| X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 1.4311 | Z 2 CN 18-10-Az | SUS 304LN | X 2 CrNiN 1811 | 23 71 | |||||
| 305 | Z 8 CN 18-12 | SUS 305 | X 8 CrNi 1812 | 23 33 | 305S19 | X 8 CrNi 18 12 | X 8 CrNi 18-12 | |||
| Z 6 CNU 18-10 | SUS XM7 | X 6 CrNiCu 18 10 4 Kd | ||||||||
| 309 | X 15 CrNiS 20 12 | 1.4828 | Z 15 CN 24-13 | SUH 309 | X 16 CrNi 2314 | 309S24 | X 15 CrNi 23 13 | |||
| 309 S | SUS 309S | X 6 CrNi 2314 | X 6 CrNi 22 13 | |||||||
| 310 | X 12 CrNi 25 21 | 1.4845 | SUH 310 | X 22 CrNi 2520 | 310S24 | 20KH23N18 | ||||
| 310 S | X 12 CrNi 25 20 | 1.4842 | Z 12 CN 25-20 | SUS 310S | X 5 CrNi 2520 | 23 61 | X 6 CrNi 25 20 | 10KH23N18 | ||
| 314 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 1.4841 | Z 12 CNS 25-20 | X 16 CrNiSi 2520 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 20KH25N20S2 | ||||
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | 1.4401 | Z 6 CND 17-11 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 47 | 316S31 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | 1.4436 | Z 6 CND 17-12 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 43 | 316S33 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 F | X 12 CrNiMoS 18 11 | 1.4427 | ||||||||
| 316 N | SUS 316N | |||||||||
| 316 H | SUS F 316H | X 8 CrNiMo 1712 | X 5 CrNiMo 17-12 | |||||||
| 316 H | X 8 CrNiMo 1713 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | ||||||||
| 316 L | X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2 | 1.4404 | Z 2 CND 17-12 | SUS 316L | X 2 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 48 | 316S11 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH17N14M2 |
| X 2 CrNiMoN 17 12 2 | 1.4406 | Z 2 CND 17-12-Az | SUS 316LN | X 2 CrNiMoN 1712 | ||||||
| 316 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 | 1.4435 | Z 2 CND 17-13 | X 2 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 53 | 316S13 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH16N15M3 | |
| X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 3 | 1.4429 | Z 2 CND 17-13-Az | X 2 CrNiMoN 1713 | 23 75 | ||||||
| X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | 1.4571 | Z6 CNDT 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1712 | 23 50 | 320S31 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||
| X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 12 | 1.4573 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1713 | 320S33 | X 6 CrNiMoTI 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||||
| X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 1.4580 | Z 6 CNDNb 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1712 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 08KH16N13M2B | |||||
| X 10 CrNiMoNb 18 12 | 1.4583 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1713 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 13 3 | 09KH16N15M3B | ||||||
| 317 | SUS 317 | X 5 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 66 | 317S16 | ||||||
| 317 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 317 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1816 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 330 | X 12 NiCrSi 36 16 | 1.4864 | Z 12NCS 35-16 | SUH 330 | ||||||
| 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 X 12 CrNiTi 18 9 | 1.4541 1.4878 | Z 6 CNT 18-10 | SUS 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 1811 | 23 37 | 321S31 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 | X 6 CrNiTi 18-11 | 08KH18N10T |
| 321 H | SUS 321H | X 8 CrNiTi 1811 | 321S20 | X 7 CrNiTi 18-11 | 12KH18N10T | |||||
| 329 | X 8 CrNiMo 27 5 | 1.4460 | SUS 329J1 | 23 24 | ||||||
| 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | 1.4550 | Z 6 CNNb 18-10 | SUS 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 1811 | 23 38 | 347S31 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | X 6 CrNiNb 18-11 | 08KH18N12B |
| 347 H | SUS F 347H | X 8 CrNiNb 1811 | X 7 CrNiNb 18-11 | |||||||
| 904L | 1.4939 | Z 12 CNDV 12-02 | ||||||||
| X 20 CrNiSi 25 4 | 1.4821 | |||||||||
| UNS31803 | X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 | 1.4462 | ||||||||
| UNS32760 | X 3 CrNiMoN 25 7 | 1.4501 | Z 3 CND 25-06Az | |||||||
| 403 | X 6 Cr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1,4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 12 C 13 | SUS 403 | X 12 Cr 13 | 23 02 | 403S17 | X 10 Cr 13 X 12 Cr 13 | X 6 Cr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 1.4002 | Z 6 CA 13 | SUS 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405S17 | X 6 CrAl 13 | X 6 CrAl 13 | ||
| X 10 CrAl 7 | 1.4713 | Z 8 CA 7 | X 10 CrAl 7 | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 13 | 1.4724 | X 10 CrAl 12 | 10Kh13SYu | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 18 | 1.4742 | X 10 CrSiAl 18 | 15Kh18SYu | |||||||
| 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 1.4512 | Z 6 CT 12 | SUH 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 409S19 | X 5 CrTi 12 | |||
| X 2 CrTi 12 | ||||||||||
| 410 | X 6 Cr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1,4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 10 C 13 Z 12 C 13 | SUS 410 | X 12 Cr 13 | 23 02 | 410S21 | X 12 Cr 13 | X 12 Cr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 410 S | X 6 Cr 13 | 1,4000 | Z 6 C 13 | SUS 410S | X 6 Cr 13 | 23 01 | 403S17 | X 6 Cr 13 | 08Kh13 | |
| 414 |
Warshadda
Faa'iidada tayada:
Tayada alaabtayada ee khadka xakamaynta ee waaxda saliidda iyo gaaska waxaa la hubiyaa ma aha oo kaliya inta lagu jiro habka wax soo saarka ee la xakameeyey laakiin sidoo kale iyada oo loo marayo tijaabinta alaabta la dhammeeyey. Tijaabooyinka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:
1. Tijaabooyin aan wax burburin ah lahayn
2. Tijaabooyinka Hydrostatic-ka
3. Xakamaynta dhammaystirka dusha sare
4. Cabbiraadaha saxnaanta cabbirka
5. Tijaabooyinka gubashada iyo isku-dhafka
6. Tijaabinta hantida farsamada iyo kiimikada
Tuubada caillary ee codsiga
1) Warshadaha qalabka caafimaadka
2) xakamaynta heerkulka warshadaha ee hagaya heerkulka, dareemayaasha la isticmaalay tuubo, heerkulbeegga tuubada
3) Tuubada dhexe ee warshadaha daryeelka qalimaannada
4) anteeno tuubo yar yar, noocyo kala duwan oo anteeno bir ah oo aan miridh lahayn oo sax ah
5) Iyada oo leh noocyo kala duwan oo ah dhexroor yar oo elektaroonik ah oo bir ah oo aan lahayn bir
6) Feer irbad dahab ah
7) Saacado, sawir
8) Tuubada anteenada baabuurta, anteenooyinka baarka oo isticmaalaya tuubooyinka, tuubada anteenada
9) Qalabka xardho laysarka si loo isticmaalo tuubo bir ah oo aan lahayn daxal
10) Qalabka kalluumeysiga, agabka, Yugan oo haysta
11) Cunto leh xidid bir ah oo aan miridh lahayn
12) dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee stylus-ka taleefanka gacanta iyo stylus-ka kombiyuutarka
13) Warshadaha tuubooyinka kululaynta, warshadaha saliidda
14) Daabacayaasha, irbad sanduuq aamusan
15) Jiid tuubo bir ah oo aan daxal lahayn oo labanlaab ah oo loo isticmaalo daaqadaha isku xiran
16) Noocyo kala duwan oo ah tuubooyin bir ah oo aan miridh lahayn oo dhexroor yar leh
17) Saarista saxda ah ee irbadaha birta aan miridhku lahayn
18) Makarafoon, sameecadaha dhegaha iyo makarafoonka si loogu isticmaalo tuubo bir ah oo aan miridh lahayn, iwm.
Badeecadaha la xiriira
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