Warshad lagu sameeyay iib kulul oo qabow oo kulul oo la duubay 316l oo bir aan miridh lahayn ah oo leh gariirad 316l ah oo bir aan miridh lahayn ah
Waxay ku dheggan tahay mabda'a "Daacadnimo, shaqo badan, ganacsi badan, hal-abuur leh" si ay si joogto ah u hesho xalal cusub. Waxay u aragtaa macaamiisha, guushu inay tahay guul u gaar ah. Aan mustaqbalka barwaaqo ah gacmaha is qabsanno si aan u dhisno warshad lagu sameeyay iib kulul oo qabow.Gariirad Bir ah oo aan lahayn 316l oo kulul oo la duubayHoose316l Gariirad Bir Ah Oo Aan LahaynShirkaddayada oo leh tayo wanaagsan oo markii hore ah halku-dheggeenna, waxaan ku soo saarnaa badeecado gebi ahaanba laga sameeyay Japan, laga bilaabo soo iibsiga agabka ilaa farsamaynta. Tani waxay u sahlaysaa in loo isticmaalo si kalsooni leh oo maskax ahaan deggan.
Waxay ku dheggan tahay mabda'a "Daacadnimo, shaqo badan, ganacsi badan, hal-abuur leh" si joogto ah loogu helo xalal cusub. Waxay u aragtaa macaamiisha, guushu inay tahay guul u gaar ah. Aan mustaqbalka barwaaqo ah wada dhisno si aan gacmaha is qabsanno.316l Gariirad Bir Ah Oo Aan Lahayn, Gariirad Bir ah oo aan lahayn 316l oo kulul oo la duubay, 316l hooseeyaWaxaan sidoo kale leenahay awood xooggan oo is-dhexgal ah si aan u bixinno adeeggayaga ugu fiican, waxaanan qorsheyneynaa inaan ka dhisno bakhaarka waddamada kala duwan ee adduunka, kaas oo u badan tahay inuu si fudud ugu adeegi karo macaamiisheenna.
Guryaha Guud
Daawaha 304L a T-300 taxane bir aan miridh lahayn austenitic, kaas oo leh ugu yaraan 18% chromium iyo 8% nikkel. Nooca 304L wuxuu leeyahay ugu badnaan kaarboon waa 0.030. Waa "18/8 aan miridh lahayn" caadiga ah oo badanaa laga helo digsiyada iyo qalabka wax lagu karsado. Daawaha 304L waa daawaha ugu badan uguna isticmaalka badan qoyska birta aan miridh lahayn. Ku habboon noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo guryaha iyo ganacsiga ah, Daawaha 304L wuxuu muujiyaa iska caabin daxaleed oo aad u fiican wuxuuna leeyahay fududayn sare oo wax lagu sameeyo, qaab-dhismeed heer sare ah. Biraha aan miridh lahayn ee austenitic waxaa sidoo kale loo arkaa inay yihiin kuwa ugu alxanka badan birta birta ah ee sare waxaana lagu alxan karaa dhammaan hababka isku-dhafka iyo iska caabbinta alxanka.
Tilmaamaha: UNS S30403
Codsiyada:
Birta aan lahayn birta ee Alloy 304L waxaa loo isticmaalaa codsiyo badan oo guryaha iyo ganacsiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan:
Qalabka farsamaynta cuntada, gaar ahaan sameynta biirka, farsamaynta caanaha, iyo sameynta khamriga
Kuraasta jikada, saxanka, weelasha, qalabka, iyo qalabka
Naqshadeynta dhismaha iyo qaabaynta
Isticmaalka qaab-dhismeedka baabuurta iyo hawada sare
Qalabka dhismaha ee dhismayaasha waaweyn
Weelasha kiimikada, oo ay ku jiraan gaadiidka
Beddelayaasha kulaylka
Lawska, boolal, boolal, iyo qalab kale oo lagu xidho deegaanka badda
Warshadaha midabaynta
Shaashado tolmo leh ama la alxamay oo loogu talagalay qodista, qodista iyo shaandhaynta biyaha
Heerarka:
ASTM/ASME: S30403
EURONORM: 1.4303
AFNOR: Z2 CN 18.10
DIN: X2 CrNi 19 11
Iska caabbinta Daxalka:
Iska caabbinta daxalka ee deegaannada oksaydhaynta ayaa ka dhalatay 18 ilaa 19% chromium oo ay ku jiraan 304 alloys.
Iska caabbinta asiidhyada dabiiciga ah ee dhexdhexaadka ah waa natiijo ka dhalatay nikkel 9 ilaa 11% ah oo ay ku jiraan walxaha 304.
Mararka qaar, dahaarka 304L wuxuu muujin karaa heer daxal oo ka hooseeya kan kaarboonka Alloy 304 ee sare; haddii kale, 304, 304L, iyo 304H waxaa loo tixgelin karaa inay si isku mid ah uga shaqeeyaan inta badan deegaannada daxalka.
Daawaha 304L waxaa loo doorbidaa in lagu isticmaalo deegaannada si ku filan u daxalaysan si uu u keeno daxalka isku-dhafka ah ee alxanka iyo aagagga kulaylka saameeya ee daawaha u nugul.
Iska caabbinta Kulaylka:
Iska caabin oksaydh oo wanaagsan marka la isticmaalo si joogto ah ilaa 1600°F iyo adeeg joogto ah ilaa 1690°F.
Isticmaalka joogtada ah ee 304 ee heerka 800-1580°F laguma talinayo haddii iska caabbinta daxalka biyaha ee xiga ay muhiim tahay.
Heerka 304L wuxuu u adkaystaa roobabka carbide-ka waxaana lagu kululayn karaa heerkulka kor ku xusan.
Guryaha 304 Daawaha
Astaamaha alxanka:
Sifooyin alxan oo aad u fiican; daminta alxanka ka dib looma baahna marka la alxanayo qaybaha khafiifka ah. Laba tixgelin oo muhiim ah marka la soo saarayo kala-goysyada alxanka ee biraha aan miridhku lahayn ee austenitic waa:
ilaalinta iska caabbinta daxalka
ka fogaanshaha dildilaaca
Habaynta - Samaynta Kulul:
Si loo shido, ku kululee midaysanaanta 2100 / 2300 ° F
Ha ku shubin heerkul ka hooseeya 1700 °F
Samaynta foornooyinka hawada ayaa lagu qaboojin karaa iyada oo aan khatar u lahayn dildilaaca
Habaynta - Samaynta Qabow:
Qaab-dhismeedkeeda austenitic wuxuu u oggolaanayaa inuu si qoto dheer u jiito iyada oo aan la qaboojin dhexdhexaad ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa tan heerka birta aan miridhku lahayn ee la doorto marka la samaynayo saxannada, weelasha godan iyo digsiyada.
Darajooyinkani si dhakhso ah ayay u adkaadaan. Si loo yareeyo walbahaarka ka dhasha qaab-dhismeedka daran ama wareegga, qaybaha waa in si buuxda loo daboolaa ama la damiyaa cadaadiska sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ka dib marka la sameeyo.
Mashiinka:
Waxaa lagula talinayaa isticmaalka jajabiyeyaasha jajabka maadaama jajabku uu noqon karo mid adag. Shaqada birta aan miridhku lahayn si dhakhso ah ayay u adkaataa, quudin culus oo togan, qalab fiiqan, iyo habayn adag waa in la isticmaalaa. Laga jaro lakabka shaqada adag ee ka dhashay baasaskii hore.
Sifooyinka Kiimikada:
|
| C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | N |
| 304L | 0.03 ugu badnaan | 2.0 ugu badnaan | 0.75 ugu badnaan | 0.45 ugu badnaan | 0.03 ugu badnaan | ugu yaraan: 18.0 ugu badnaan: 20.0 | ugu yaraan: 8.0 ugu badnaan: 12.0 | 0.10 ugu badnaan |
Sifooyinka Farsamada:
| Fasal | Xoogga jiidista ksi (daqiiqad) | Xoog Wax-soo-saar 0.2% ksi (daqiiqad) | Kordhinta % | Adkaanta (Brinell) MAX | Adkaanta (Rockwell B) MAX |
| 304L | 70 | 25 | 40 | 201 | 92 |
Sifooyinka Jirka:
| Cufnaanta | Qaboojinta Kulaylka | Koronto | Modulus-ka | Isku-darka | Kulayl Gaar ah | Dhalaalaya |
| heerkulka 68°F: 0.285 | 9.4 heerkulka 212°F | 28.3 heerkulka 68°F | 28 | 9.4 heerkulka 32 – 212°F | 0.1200 marka la gaaro 68°F ilaa 212°F | 2500 ilaa 2590 |
|
| 12.4 heerkulka 932°F | 39.4 heerkulka 752°F |
| 10.2 heerkulka 32 – 1000°F |
|
|
|
|
| 49.6 heerkulka 1652 °F |
| 10.4 heerkulka 32 – 1500°F |
|
|
Daaweynta dusha sare
| Itme | Dhammaystirka dusha sare | Hababka dhammaystirka dusha sare | Codsiga ugu weyn |
| Lambarka 1aad | HR | Daaweynta kulaylka ka dib duubista kulul, qajaarka, ama daawaynta | Waayo iyada oo aan loo eegin ujeeddada dhalaalka dusha sare |
| Lambarka.2D | Iyada oo aan lahayn SPM | Habka daaweynta kulaylka ka dib rogid qabow, duubista dusha sare ee la qurxiyey oo leh dhogor ama ugu dambeyntii farsamaynta dusha sare ee matte ah oo fudud | Agabka guud, qalabka dhismaha. |
| Lambarka.2B | Ka dib SPM | Siinta qalabka wax lagu farsameeyo ee lambar 2 hab ku habboon oo iftiin qabow ah | Agabka guud, agabka dhismaha (inta badan alaabta waa la farsameeyaa) |
| BA | Iftiin dhalaalaya oo la qaboojiyey | Daawaynta kulaylka dhalaalaya ka dib rogid qabow, si ay u noqoto mid dhalaalaya oo iftiin qabow leh | Qaybaha baabuurta, qalabka guriga, gawaarida, qalabka caafimaadka, qalabka cuntada |
| Lambarka 3aad | Habaynta hadhuudhka dhalaalaya oo qallafsan | Suun shiidid xoqid ah oo NO.2D ama NO.2B ah oo lagu farsameeyo alwaax lambarkeedu yahay 100-120 | Qalabka dhismaha, agabka jikada |
| Lambarka 4aad | Ka dib CPL | Suun shiidid xoqid ah oo NO.2D ama NO.2B ah oo lagu farsameeyo alwaax lambarkeedu yahay 150-180 | Qalabka dhismaha, agabka jikada, baabuurta, qalabka caafimaadka, qalabka cuntada |
| 240# | Shiidida khadadka yaryar | Suunka shiididda ee NO.2D ama NO.2B ee alwaaxda farsamaysa ee 240 ee lagu shiidayo alwaaxa | Qalabka jikada |
| 320# | In ka badan 240 xariiq oo shiidid ah | Suunka shiididda ee NO.2D ama NO.2B ee alwaaxda farsamaysa ee 320 ee lagu shiidayo alwaaxa | Qalabka jikada |
| 400# | Ku dhow iftiinka BA | Habka rinjiyeynta giraangiraha ee alwaaxa 400 ee MO.2B | Qalabka dhismaha, qalabka jikada |
| HL (xariiqyada timaha) | Khadka dhalaalinta oo leh habayn joogto ah oo dheer | Cajalad ku habboon (badanaa inta badan Lambarka 150-240) oo xoqan ilaa inta timaha la isticmaalayo, iyadoo leh hab farsamayn joogto ah oo xariiqda dhalaalinta ah. | Qalabka dhismaha ee ugu badan ee la farsameeyo |
| Lambarka 6aad | NO.4 wuxuu ka shaqeynayaa wax ka yar milicsiga, baabi'inta | Qalabka wax lagu farsameeyo ee NO.4 loo isticmaalo nadiifinta cadayashada Tampico | Qalabka dhismaha, qurxinta |
| Lambarka.7 | Farsamaynta muraayadda milicsiga oo aad u sax ah | Lambarka 600 ee buff-ka wareega oo leh dhalaalid | Qalabka dhismaha, qurxinta |
| Lambarka.8 | Dhammaystirka muraayadda ugu iftiiminta badan | Qaybo fiican oo ah walxo xoqan si ay u dhalaalaan, muraayad dhalaalin leh dhalaalin | Qalabka dhismaha, qurxinta, muraayadaha |
Heerka caalamiga ah ee birta aan daxalka lahayn:
HEERKA CAALAMIGA AH:
| Shaxda Isbarbardhigga ee Qiyaas ah | |||||||||||
| ASTM/ASME | ISO | Mareykanka | JAPAN | BRITAIN | JARAMALKA | FARAANSIIS | ISWIIDHAN | TALYAANI | HINDIYA | CNS | |
| Qaramada Midoobay Maya. | AISI | JIS | BS | WERKSTOFF DIN | NF | SIS | UNI | IS | |||
| S20100 | A-2 | 201 | SUS201 | 1.4371 | X12CrMnNi1885 | Z12CMN17-07AZ | 201 | ||||
| S20200 | A-3 | 202 | SUS202 | 284S16 | 202 | ||||||
| S30100 | 14 | 301 | SUS301 | 301S21 | 1.431 | X12CrNi177 | Z11CN17-08 | 142331 | X12CrNi1707 | 10Cr17Ni7 | 301 |
| S30200 | 12 | 302 | SUS302 | 302S25 | 1.43 | X12cRnI188 | Z12CN18-09 | 142332 | X10CrNiS1809 | 302 | |
| S30300 | 17 | 303 | SUS303 | 303S21 | 1.4305 | X10CrNiS189 | Z8CNF18-09 | ||||
| S30323 | 17a | 303Se | SUS303Se | 303S41 | Z10CNF18-09 | 142346 | X10CrNiS1809 | ||||
| S30400 | 11 | 304 | SUS304 | 304S31 | 1.4301 | X5CrNi1810 | Z7CN18-09 | 142333 | X5CrNi1810 | 04Cr18Ni10 | 304 |
| S30403 | 10 | 304L | SUS304L | 304S11 | 1.4306 | X2CrNi1911 | Z3CN18-10 | 142352 | X2CrNi1811 | 02Cr18Ni11 | 304L |
| S30500 | 13 | 305 | SUS305 | 305S19 | 1.4303 | X5CrNi1812 | Z8CN18-12 | 305 | |||
| S30900 | 309 | SUH309 | 309S24 | 1.4828 | Z12CN24-13 | X16CrNi2314 | |||||
| S30908 | 309S | SUS309S | 309S16 | 309S | |||||||
| S31000 | 310 | SUH310 | 310S24 | 1.4841 | Z12CN25-20 | 142361 | X6CrNi2520 | ||||
| S31008 | H15 | 310S | SUS310S | 310S16 | 1.4845 | Z8CN25-10 | 142361 | X6CrNi2520 | 310S | ||
| S31600 | 20 | 316 | SUS316 | 316S31 | 1.4401 | X5CrNiMo17122 | Z7CND17-11-02 | 142343 | X8CrNiMo1713 | 04Cr17Ni12Mo2 | 316 |
| S31603 | 19 | 316L | SUS316L | 316S11 | 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17132 | Z3CND17-12-02 | 142348 | X2CrNiMo1712 | 02Cr17Ni12Mo2 | 316L |
| S31635 | 21 | 316Ti | SUS316Ti | 320S31 | 1.4571 | X6CrNiMoTi17122 | Z6CND17-12 | 142350 | 316Ti | ||
| S31700 | 317 | SUS317 | 317S16 | 1.4436 | X5CrNiMo17133 | Z3CND19-15-04 | 142367 | 317 | |||
| S32100 | 15 | 321 | SUS321 | 321S31 | 1.4541 | X6CrNiTi1810 | Z6CNT18-10 | 142337 | X6CrNiTi1811 | 04Cr18Ni10Ti20 | 321 |
| S34700 | 16 | 347 | SUS347 | 347S31 | 1.455 | X6CrNiNb1810 | Z6CNNb18-10 | 142338 | X8CrNiNb1811 | 347 | |
| S40300 | 403 | SUS403 | 403S17 | 1.4024 | X5Cr13 | Z12C13 | 142301 | 403 | |||
| S40500 | 2 | 405 | SUS405 | 405S17 | 1.4002 | X6CrAl13 | Z8CA12 | X6CrAl13 | 405 | ||
| S40900 | 1 Ti | 409 | SUH409 | 409S19 | 1.4512 | X6CrTi12 | Z8CNT12 | 409 | |||
| S41000 | 3 | 410 | SUS410 | 410S21 | 1.4006 | X10Cr13 | Z13C13 | 142302 | X12Cr13 | 410 | |
| S41600 | 7 | 416 | SUS416 | 416S21 | 1.4005 | X12CrS13 | Z11CF13 | X12CrS13 | |||
| S42000 | 4 | 420 | SUS420J1 | 420S29 | 1.4021 | X20Cr13 | Z20C13 | 142304 | X30Cr13 | 420J1 | |
| 5 | SUS420J2 | 420S45 | 1.4028 | X30Cr13 | Z33C13 | 420J2 | |||||
| S43000 | 8 | 430 | SUS430 | 430S17 | 1.4016 | X6Cr17 | Z8C17 | 142320 | X8Cr17 | 05Cr17 | 430 |
| S43020 | 8C | 430F | SUS430F | 1.4104 | X4CrMoS18 | Z8CF17 | 142383 | X10CrS17 | |||
| S43100 | 9b | 431 | SUS431 | 431S29 | 1.4057 | X20CrNi172 | Z15CN16-02 | 142321 | X16CrNi16 | ||








