Ko tētahi o ngā mea tino wera mō Haina ASME SA213 T12 Cold Drawn Seamless Steel me te Boiler Tube
Ka whakapau kaha mātou kia tino pai, kia tino tika hoki, ā, ka tere ake hoki ā mātou mahi kia tū hei tetahi o ngā umanga hangarau matatau me te kounga teitei o te ao, hei tetahi o ngā mea tino wera o Haina, ASME SA213 T12 Cold Drawn Seamless Steel and Boiler Tube. Nau mai ki te whakawhanake i ngā hononga pakihi pumau me te tino pai me tā mātou pakihi kia pai ai te hononga ki a mātou anō. Ko te pai o ngā kiritaki tā mātou whainga mutunga kore!
Ka whakapau kaha mātou kia tino pai, kia tino tika hoki, ā, ka tere ake hoki ā mātou mahi kia tū hei kamupene hangarau matatau me te kounga teitei o te ao mōNgongo Pōro Haina, SA213 Rino Tuitui, Kua whakaurua mai mātou hei tētahi o ngā kaihanga e tipu haere ana hei kaiwhakarato me te kaweake i ā mātou taonga. Inaianei kei a mātou tētahi rōpū tohunga ngaio kua whakangungua, e tiaki ana i te kounga me te tuku i te wā tika. Mēnā kei te rapu koe i te Kounga Pai i te utu pai me te tuku i te wā tika, whakapā mai.
Awhe hanga:
ngongo koiri kowiri tira
koiri ngongo kowiri tira
ngongo koiri kowiri tira
paipa koiri kowiri tira
ngā kaiwhakarato ngongo koiri maitai kore waikura
ngā kaihanga ngongo koiri maitai kore waikura
koiri paipa kowiri tira
Ko te ngongo iti o te kowiri tira he mea whakamahi whānuitia i roto i te maimoatanga hauora, te muka-whatu, te hanga pene, ngā hua whakarewa hiko, te hononga taura marama, te kai, te waina, te miraka, te inu, te rongoā me te matū koiora, ka taea te whakarato i te roa rerekē kia rite ki ngā tono.
He ngongo pūwero me te kōhao mōrahi o te 0.0158 inihi, e wātea ana i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā maitai kore waikura. Ko ngā ngongo pūwero Sandvik he mea ātaahua nā te kaha o ngā taunga, ā, kāore he hinu, he hinu me ētahi atu matūriki i roto i te mata o roto o ngā ngongo. Mā tēnei ka whakarite, hei tauira, he rere pai, he rere ōrite hoki o ngā wai me ngā hau mai i te pūoko ki te taputapu ine.
Kei te wātea ngā ngongo kowiri tira i roto i ngā momo hua rerekē i runga i ngā hiahia o te kiritaki. Ka hangaia e te rauemi kowiri tira a Licancheng sihe ngā hua ngongo whakarewa me ngā ngongo tui. Ko ngā tohu paerewa ko te 304 304L 316L (UNS S31603) Duplex 2205 (UNS S32205 me S31803) Super Duplex 2507 (UNS S32750) Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825) Inconel 625 (UNS N06625). Kei te wātea ētahi atu tohu o te kowiri tira i roto i te duplex me te superduplex me te koranu nickel mēnā ka tonoa.
Ko te whānui mai i te 3mm (0.118'') ki te 25.4mm (1.00'') OD. Ko te matotoru o te pakitara mai i te 0.5mm (0.020'') ki te 3mm (0.118''). Ka taea te tuku ngongo i roto i te āhua o te paipa whakahaere raina kowiri tira kua whakamahanahia, kua mahi matao rānei.
Te Hanganga Matū o te Kowiri tira 316
| Tau | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N | |
| 316 | meneti | – | – | – | – | 16.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 10.0 | – | |
| mōrahi | 0.035 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 18.0 | 14.0 | – | ||
Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau o te Kowiri tira 316
| Tau | Kaha Kume (MPa) min | Kaha Hua 0.2% Whakamātautau (MPa) min | Te roa (% i roto i te 50mm) min | Te pakeketanga | |
| Rockwell B (HR B) mōrahi | Brinell (HB) mōrahi | ||||
| 316 | 515 | 205 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana o te Kowiri tira 316
| Tau | Kiato (kg/m3) | Tauwehenga Ātete (GPa) | Tauwehenga Toharite o te Whānuitanga Wera (m/m/0C) | Te Arahi Wera (W/mK) | Wera Motuhake 0-1000C (J/kg.K) | Ātete Hiko (nm) | |||
| 0-1000C | 0-3150C | 0-5380C | i te 1000C | i te 5000C | |||||
| 316 | 7750 | 200 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 17.0 | 14.2 | 18.7 | 500 | 720 |
Rite ki te Kowiri tira 316
Ngā Tohu ōrite mō te 316 Kowiri tira
| PAEREWA | Nama WERKSTOFF | UNS | JIS | BS | GOST | AFNOR | EN |
| SS 316 | 1.4401 / 1.4436 | S31600 | SUS 316 | 316S31 / 316S33 | – | Z7CND17‐11‐02 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 / X3CrNiMo17-13-3 |
Whakatakotoranga
| Waitohu | Liaocheng Sihe Kowiri tira |
| Matotoru | 0.1-2.0mm |
| Diameter | 0.3-20mm (ātete: ±0.01mm) |
| Kowiri tira | 201,202,304,304L,316L,317L,321,310s,254mso,904L,2205,625 me ētahi atu. |
| Whakaotinga Mata | He kanapa te whakamahana i roto, i waho hoki, he horoi, he maeneene hoki, kāore he turuturu. |
| Paerewa | ASTM A269-2002.JIS G4305/ GB/T 12770-2002GB/T12771-2002 |
| Roa | 200-1500m ia koiri, i runga rānei i te hiahia o te kiritaki |
| Rahi o te taonga | 6*1mm, 8*0.5mm, 8*0.6mm, 8*0.8mm, 8*0.9mm, 8*1mm, 9.5*1mm, 10*1mm, me ētahi atu.. |
| Tiwhikete | ISO&BV |
| Ara tākai | Pēke whatu, pēke kirihou me ētahi atu. |
| Awhe tono | e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga kai, taputapu inu, mīhini pia, whakawhiti wera, pūnaha tuku miraka/wai, taputapu hauora, pūngao rā, taputapu hauora, rererangi, ātea, whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, hinu me ētahi atu ahumahi. |
| Tuhipoka | Ka whakaaetia te Tapanga OEM / ODM / Kaihoko. |
| Rahi o te Ngongo Kowiri tira | ||||||||||||||||
| TAONGA | Tau | Rahi | Pēhanga | Roa | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/8″×0.025″ | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 2 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/8″×0.035″ | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 3 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/4″×0.035″ | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 4 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/4″×0.049″ | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 5 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | 3/8″×0.035″ | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 6 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | 3/8″×0.049″ | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 7 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/2″×0.049″ | 1000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 8 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/2″×0.065″ | 1000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 9 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | φ3mm×0.7mm | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 10 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | φ3mm×0.9mm | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 11 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | φ4mm×0.9mm | 3000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 12 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | φ4mm×1.1mm | 3000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 13 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | φ6mm×0.9mm | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 14 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | φ6mm×1.1mm | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 15 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | φ8mm×1mm | 1800 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 16 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | φ8mm×1.2mm | 1800 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 17 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | φ10mm×1mm | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 18 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | φ10mm×1.2mm | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 19 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | φ10mm×2mm | 500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| 20 | 316L, 304L, 304 koranu 625 825 2205 2507 | φ12mm×1.5mm | 500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
| Ngā ripanga pēhanga | ||||||||||||||||
| Ko te kōwhiringa o te rauemi e tika ana mō tētahi raina whakahaere, raina werohanga matū rānei, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere me ngā āhuatanga o te papaanga. Hei āwhina i te kōwhiringa, kei roto i ngā ripanga e whai ake nei ngā whakatauranga pēhanga ā-roto me ngā āhuatanga whakarerekētanga mō ngā momo me ngā rahi noa o ngā ngongo kowiri tira tuimotu me ngā ngongo whakarewa laser. | ||||||||||||||||
| Te pēhanga mōrahi (P) mō TP 316L i te 100°F (38°C)1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Tirohia ngā āhuatanga whakarerekētanga mō te kounga me te āhua o te hua i raro nei. | ||||||||||||||||
| Te whānui o waho, i roto i | Te matotoru o te pakitara, in. | Pēhanga mahi2) | Pēhanga pahū2) | Pēhanga hinga4) | ||||||||||||
| psi (MPa) | psi (MPa) | psi (MPa) | ||||||||||||||
| 1/4 | 0.035 | 6,600 (46) | 22,470 (155) | 6,600 (46) | ||||||||||||
| 1/4 | 0.049 | 9,260 (64) | 27,400 (189) | 8,710 (60) | ||||||||||||
| 1/4 | 0.065 | 12,280 (85) | 34,640 (239) | 10,750 (74) | ||||||||||||
| 3/8 | 0.035 | 4,410 (30) | 19,160 (132) | 4,610 (32) | ||||||||||||
| 3/8 | 0.049 | 6,170 (43) | 21,750 (150) | 6,220 (43) | ||||||||||||
| 3/8 | 0.065 | 8,190 (56) | 25,260 (174) | 7,900 (54) | ||||||||||||
| 3/8 | 0.083 | 10,450 (72) | 30,050 (207) | 9,570 (66) | ||||||||||||
| 1/2 | 0.049 | 4,630 (32) | 19,460 (134) | 4,820 (33) | ||||||||||||
| 1/2 | 0.065 | 6,140 (42) | 21,700 (150) | 6,200 (43) | ||||||||||||
| 1/2 | 0.083 | 7,840 (54) | 24,600 (170) | 7,620 (53) | ||||||||||||
| 5/8 | 0.049 | 3,700 (26) | 18,230 (126) | 3,930 (27) | ||||||||||||
| 5/8 | 0.065 | 4,900 (34) | 19,860 (137) | 5,090 (35) | ||||||||||||
| 5/8 | 0.083 | 6,270 (43) | 26,910 (151) | 6,310 (44) | ||||||||||||
| 3/4 | 0.049 | 3,080 (21) | 17,470 (120) | 3,320 (23) | ||||||||||||
| 3/4 | 0.065 | 4,090 (28) | 18,740 (129) | 4,310 (30) | ||||||||||||
| 3/4 | 0.083 | 5,220 (36) | 20,310 (140) | 5,380 (37) | ||||||||||||
| 1) He whakatau tata anake. Me tatau ngā pēhanga tuturu me te whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga ahotea katoa i roto i te pūnaha. | ||||||||||||||||
| 2) I runga i ngā tātaitanga mai i te API 5C3, mā te whakamahi i te ātete pakitara o +/-10% | ||||||||||||||||
| 3) I runga i ngā tātaitanga pahūtanga kaha mutunga mai i te API 5C3 | ||||||||||||||||
| 4) I runga i ngā tātaitanga hinganga kaha hua mai i te API 5C3 | ||||||||||||||||
| Ngā āhuatanga whakarerekētanga mō ngā rohe pēhanga mahi1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Pw = te whakatauranga pēhanga mahi tohutoro mō TP 316L i te 100°F (38°C). Hei whakatau i te pēhanga mahi mō te huinga taumata/pāmahana, whakareatia te Pw ki te tauwehenga whakarerekētanga. | ||||||||||||||||
| Tau | 100°F | 200°F | 300°F | 400°F | ||||||||||||
| (38°C) | (93°C) | (149°C) | (204°C) | |||||||||||||
| TP 316L, he kore hononga | 1 | 0.87 | 0.7 | 0.63 | ||||||||||||
| TP 316L, i whakarewaina | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.6 | 0.54 | ||||||||||||
| Koranu 825, he kore hononga | 1.33 | 1.17 | 1.1 | 1.03 | ||||||||||||
| Koranu 825, i whakarewaina | 1.13 | 1.99 | 1.94 | 0.88 | ||||||||||||
| 1) Ngā āhuatanga whakarerekētanga i runga i te ahotea whakaaetia i roto i te ASME. | ||||||||||||||||
| Ngā āhuatanga whakarerekētanga mō ngā rohe pēhanga pahū1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Pb = te pēhanga pahūtanga tohutoro mō TP 316L i te 100°F. Hei whakatau i te pēhanga pahūtanga mō te huinga taumata/pāmahana, whakareatia te Pb ki te tauwehenga whakarerekētanga. | ||||||||||||||||
| Tau | 100°F | 200°F | 300°F | 400°F | ||||||||||||
| (38°C) | (93°C) | (149°C) | (204°C) | |||||||||||||
| TP 316L, he kore hononga | 1 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||
| TP 316L, i whakarewaina | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.68 | ||||||||||||
| Koranu 825, he kore hononga | 1.13 | 1.07 | 1 | 0.87 | ||||||||||||
| Koranu 825, i whakarewaina | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.74 | ||||||||||||
| 1) Ngā āhuatanga whakarerekētanga i runga i te kaha mutunga kore i roto i te ASME. | ||||||||||||||||
▼Ngongo kowiri tira/ngongo kowiri tira rauemi kōeke:
| USA | Tiamana | Tiamana | Wīwī | HAPANI | ITĀRIA | HUETĀ | UK | EU | PĀNIA | RŪHIA |
| AISI | DIN 17006 | WN 17007 | AFNOR | JIS | UNI | SIS | BSI | EURONORM | ||
| 201 | SUS 201 | |||||||||
| 301 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | 1.4310 | Z 12 CN 17-07 | SUS 301 | X 12 CrNi 1707 | 23 31 | 301S21 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | X 12 CrNi 17-07 | |
| 302 | X 5 CrNi 18 7 | 1.4319 | Z 10 CN 18-09 | SUS 302 | X 10 CrNi 1809 | 23 31 | 302S25 | X 10 CrNi 18 9 | X 10 CrNi 18-09 | 12KH18N9 |
| 303 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | 1.4305 | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 23 46 | 303S21 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | |
| 303 Se | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 Se | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 303S41 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | 12KH18N10E | ||||
| 304 | X 5 CrNi 18 10 X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 1.4301 1.4303 | Z 6 CN 18-09 | SUS 304 | X 5 CrNi 1810 | 23 32 | 304S15 304S16 | X 6 CrNi 18 10 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | 08KH18N10 06KH18N11 |
| 304 N | SUS 304N1 | X 5 CrNiN 1810 | ||||||||
| 304 H | SUS F 304H | X 8 CrNi 1910 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | |||||||
| 304 rita | X 2 CrNi 18 11 | 1.4306 | Z 2 CN 18-10 | SUS 304L | X 2 CrNi 1911 | 23 52 | 304S11 | X 3 CrNi 18 10 | X 2 CrNi 19-10 | 03KH18N11 |
| X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 1.4311 | Z 2 CN 18-10-Az | SUS 304LN | X 2 CrNiN 1811 | 23 71 | |||||
| 305 | Z 8 CN 18-12 | SUS 305 | X 8 CrNi 1812 | 23 33 | 305S19 | X 8 CrNi 18 12 | X 8 CrNi 18-12 | |||
| Z 6 CNU 18-10 | SUS XM7 | X 6 CrNiCu 18 10 4 Kd | ||||||||
| 309 | X 15 CrNiS 20 12 | 1.4828 | Z 15 CN 24-13 | SUH 309 | X 16 CrNi 2314 | 309S24 | X 15 CrNi 23 13 | |||
| 309 S | SUS 309S | X 6 CrNi 2314 | X 6 CrNi 22 13 | |||||||
| 310 | X 12 CrNi 25 21 | 1.4845 | SUH 310 | X 22 CrNi 2520 | 310S24 | 20KH23N18 | ||||
| 310 S | X 12 CrNi 25 20 | 1.4842 | Z 12 CN 25-20 | SUS 310S | X 5 CrNi 2520 | 23 61 | X 6 CrNi 25 20 | 10KH23N18 | ||
| 314 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 1.4841 | Z 12 CNS 25-20 | X 16 CrNiSi 2520 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 20KH25N20S2 | ||||
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | 1.4401 | Z 6 CND 17-11 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 47 | 316S31 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | 1.4436 | Z 6 CND 17-12 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 43 | 316S33 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
| 316 F | X 12 CrNiMoS 18 11 | 1.4427 | ||||||||
| 316 N | SUS 316N | |||||||||
| 316 H | SUS F 316H | X 8 CrNiMo 1712 | X 5 CrNiMo 17-12 | |||||||
| 316 H | X 8 CrNiMo 1713 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | ||||||||
| 316 rita | X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2 | 1.4404 | Z 2 CND 17-12 | SUS 316L | X 2 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 48 | 316S11 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH17N14M2 |
| X 2 CrNiMoN 17 12 2 | 1.4406 | Z 2 CND 17-12-Az | SUS 316LN | X 2 CrNiMoN 1712 | ||||||
| 316 rita | X 2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 | 1.4435 | Z 2 CND 17-13 | X 2 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 53 | 316S13 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH16N15M3 | |
| X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 3 | 1.4429 | Z 2 CND 17-13-Az | X 2 CrNiMoN 1713 | 23 75 | ||||||
| X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | 1.4571 | Z6 CNDT 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1712 | 23 50 | 320S31 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||
| X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 12 | 1.4573 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1713 | 320S33 | X 6 CrNiMoTI 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||||
| X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 1.4580 | Z 6 CNDNb 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1712 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 08KH16N13M2B | |||||
| X 10 CrNiMoNb 18 12 | 1.4583 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1713 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 13 3 | 09KH16N15M3B | ||||||
| 317 | SUS 317 | X 5 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 66 | 317S16 | ||||||
| 317 rita | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 317 rita | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1816 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
| 330 | X 12 NiCrSi 36 16 | 1.4864 | Z 12NCS 35-16 | SUH 330 | ||||||
| 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 X 12 CrNiTi 18 9 | 1.4541 1.4878 | Z 6 CNT 18-10 | SUS 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 1811 | 23 37 | 321S31 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 | X 6 CrNiTi 18-11 | 08KH18N10T |
| 321 H | SUS 321H | X 8 CrNiTi 1811 | 321S20 | X 7 CrNiTi 18-11 | 12KH18N10T | |||||
| 329 | X 8 CrNiMo 27 5 | 1.4460 | SUS 329J1 | 23 24 | ||||||
| 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | 1.4550 | Z 6 CNNb 18-10 | SUS 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 1811 | 23 38 | 347S31 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | X 6 CrNiNb 18-11 | 08KH18N12B |
| 347 H | SUS F 347H | X 8 CrNiNb 1811 | X 7 CrNiNb 18-11 | |||||||
| 904L | 1.4939 | Z 12 CNDV 12-02 | ||||||||
| X 20 CrNiSi 25 4 | 1.4821 | |||||||||
| UNS31803 | X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 | 1.4462 | ||||||||
| UNS32760 | X 3 CrNiMoN 25 7 | 1.4501 | Z 3 CND 25-06Az | |||||||
| 403 | X 6 Kr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1.4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 12 C 13 | SUS 403 | X 12 Kr 13 | 23 02 | 403S17 | X 10 Cr 13 X 12 Kr 13 | X 6 Kr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 1.4002 | Z 6 CA 13 | SUS 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405S17 | X 6 CrAl 13 | X 6 CrAl 13 | ||
| X 10 CrAl 7 | 1.4713 | Z 8 CA 7 | X 10 CrAl 7 | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 13 | 1.4724 | X 10 CrAl 12 | 10Kh13SYu | |||||||
| X 10 CrAl 18 | 1.4742 | X 10 CrSiAl 18 | 15Kh18SYu | |||||||
| 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 1.4512 | Z 6 CT 12 | SUH 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 409S19 | X 5 CrTi 12 | |||
| X 2 CrTi 12 | ||||||||||
| 410 | X 6 Kr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1.4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 10 C 13 Z 12 C 13 | SUS 410 | X 12 Kr 13 | 23 02 | 410S21 | X 12 Kr 13 | X 12 Kr 13 | 12Kh13 |
| 410 S | X 6 Kr 13 | 1.4000 | Z 6 C 13 | SUS 410S | X 6 Kr 13 | 23 01 | 403S17 | X 6 Kr 13 | 08Kh13 | |
| 414 |
Wheketere
Painga kounga:
Ehara i te mea ko te tukanga hanga whakahaere anake te mea e whakamanahia ana te kounga o ā mātou hua mō te raina whakahaere i roto i te rāngai hinu me te hau, engari mā te whakamātautau hua kua oti hoki. Ko ngā whakamātautau noa ko:
1. Ngā whakamātautau kore-whakangaro
2. Ngā whakamātautau waipū
3. Ngā mana whakahaere whakaoti mata
4. Ngā inenga tika o ngā āhuatanga
5. Ngā whakamātautau mura me te koni
6. Whakamātautau āhuatanga ā-mīhini me te matū
Ngongo ngongo tono
1) Ahumahi taputapu hauora
2) te whakahaere pāmahana ahumahi e arahina ana e te pāmahana, ngā pūoko e whakamahia ana te paipa, te inemahana ngongo
3) Ngongo matua o te ahumahi tiaki pene
4) pūihi ngongo-iti, ngā momo pūihi maitai kore waikura iti
5) Me te whānuitanga o ngā momo hiko iti-diameter Stainless steel capillary
6) Poka ngira whakapaipai
7) Ngā wati, pikitia
8) Ngongo pūihi waka, ngā pūihi pae e whakamahi ana i ngā ngongo, ngongo pūihi
9) Ngā taputapu whakairo taiaho hei whakamahi i te ngongo kowiri tira
10) Ngā taputapu hī ika, ngā mea tāpiri, te Yugan i waho me te pupuri i ngā
11) Kai me te taura maitai kore waikura
12) ngā momo pene waea pūkoro katoa me te pene rorohiko
13) Ahumahi paipa whakamahana, ahumahi hinu
14) Ngā pūreretā, te ngira pouaka wahangu
15) Tōia he ngongo maitai kore waikura rua-rewa e whakamahia ana i roto i te hononga matapihi
16) He momo ngongo maitai kore waikura tōtika ā-ahumahi iti
17) Te tohatoha tika me ngā ngira kowiri tira
18) Hopuoro, pane taringa me te hopuoro hei whakamahi i te ngongo kowiri tira, me ētahi atu
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